<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adrita Barua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avishek Das</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moumita Sen Sarma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascal Hitzler</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reasoning in Large Language Models: RAG and Beyond</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuro-Symbolic AI: Integrating Neural Networks and Symbolic Reasoning</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of contemporary approaches that integrate neural networks and large language models (LLMs) with classical symbolic reasoning. We review the evolution of methods designed to embed logical inference within neural architectures and explore recent advances in prompting strategies, hybrid reasoning frameworks, retrieval-augmented learning, and reinforcement-based reasoning optimization methods. We discuss the symbolic foundations of logical reasoning and then analyze how neural and LLM-based methods have progressively evolved to emulate, extend, and optimize symbolic reasoning across diverse tasks. Finally, we explore emerging neurosymbolic paradigms that unify neural and symbolic reasoning to achieve interpretable, scalable, and generalizable intelligence. Our analysis underscores the growing importance of neurosymbolic AI as a foundational direction for developing reliable and explainable reasoning systems.&lt;/p&gt;
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