TY - CONF T1 - Bridging RDF and Property Graphs: Linking KnowWhereGraph and SPOKE Y1 - Submitted A1 - Shirly Stephen A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Karthik Soman A1 - Peter W Rose A1 - John H Morris A1 - Sergio E Baranzini A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Antrea Christou A1 - Abhilekha Dalal A1 - Kitty Currier A1 - Mark Schildhauer ER - TY - CONF T1 - Explaining Deep Learning Hidden Neuron Activations using Concept Induction Y1 - Submitted A1 - Abhilekha Dalal A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Adrita Barua A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

One of the current key challenges in Explainable AI is in correctly interpreting activations of hidden neurons. It seems evident that accurate interpretations thereof would provide insights into the question what a deep learning system has internally detected as relevant on the input, thus lifting some of the black box character of deep learning systems.

The state of the art on this front indicates that hidden node activations appear to be interpretable in a way that makes sense to humans, at least in some cases. Yet, systematic automated methods that would be able to first hypothesize an interpretation of hidden neuron activations, and then verify it, are mostly missing. 

In this paper, we provide such a method and demonstrate that it provides meaningful interpretations. It is based on using large-scale background knowledge -- a class hierarchy of approx. 2 million classes curated from the Wikipedia Concept Hierarchy -- together with a symbolic reasoning approach called concept induction based on description logics that was originally developed for applications in the Semantic Web field. 

Our results show that we can automatically attach meaningful labels from the background knowledge to individual neurons in the dense layer of a Convolutional Neural Network through a hypothesis and verification process.

ER - TY - CONF T1 - KnowWhereGraph-Lite: A Perspective of the KnowWhereGraph Y1 - Submitted A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Shirly Stephen A1 - Antrea Christou A1 - Kitty Currier A1 - Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad A1 - Sanaz Saki Norouzi A1 - Abhilekha Dalal A1 - Adrita Barua A1 - Colby K. Fisher A1 - Anthony D’Onofrio A1 - Thomas Thelen A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Dean Rehberger A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Pascal Hitzler ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Ontology-based Data Organization for the Enslaved Project Y1 - In Press A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Conversational Ontology Alignment with ChatGPT Y1 - 2023 A1 - Sanaz Saki Norouzi A1 - Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad A1 - Pascal Hitzler ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The KnowWhereGraph Ontology Y1 - 2023 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Shirly Stephen A1 - Kitty Currier A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Rui Zhu A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad A1 - Abhilekha Dalal A1 - Adrita Barua A1 - Ling Cai A1 - Gengchen Mai A1 - Zhangyu Wang A1 - Yuanyuan Tian A1 - Sanaz Saki Norouzi A1 - Zilong Liu A1 - Meilin Shi A1 - Colby K. Fisher ER - TY - CONF T1 - The KnowWhereGraph Ontology: A Showcase Y1 - 2023 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Shirly Stephen A1 - Rui Zhu A1 - Kitty Currier A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Dean Rehberger A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Colby K. Fisher A1 - Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad A1 - Antrea Christou A1 - Adrita Barua A1 - Abhilekha Dalal A1 - Sanaz Saki Norouzi A1 - Zilong Liu A1 - Meilin Shi A1 - Ling Cai A1 - Gengchen Mai A1 - Zhangyu Wang A1 - Yuanyuan Tian ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MMODS-O: A Modular Ontology for the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) – Documentation Y1 - 2023 A1 - Rushrukh Rayan A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

We are presenting the documentation for MMODS-O, an ontology derived from the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS, version 3.8), which is an XML Schema by The Library of Congress. The XML Schema concerns metadata pertaining to bibliographic elements, however it is also used for other purposes, for instance LCACommons which is an interagency community that focues on Life Cycle Analysis, National Agricultural Library -- require the metadata to be in MODS format.  Our motivation for developing this ontology -- including how it relates to previous attempts -- will be described elsewhere. This documentation is intended for readers who are familiar with MODS XML schema.

ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Modular Ontology for MODS – Metadata Object Description Schema Y1 - 2023 A1 - Rushrukh Rayan A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Heidi Sieverding A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

The Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) was developed to describe bibliographic concepts and metadata and is maintained by the Library of Congress. Its authoritative version is given as an XML schema based on an XML mindset which means that it has significant limitations for use in a knowledge graphs context. We have therefore developed the Modular MODS Ontology (MMODS-O) which incorporates all elements and attributes of the MODS XML schema. In designing the ontology, we adopt the recent Modular Ontology Design Methodology (MOMo) with the intention to strike a balance between modularity and quality ontology design on the one hand, and conservative backward compatibility with MODS on the other. 

ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Ontology Design Pattern for Role-Dependent Names Y1 - 2023 A1 - Rushrukh Rayan A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

We present an ontology design pattern for modeling Names as part of Roles, to capture scenarios where an Agent performs different Roles using different Names associated with the different Roles. Examples of an Agent performing a Role using different Names are rather ubiq- uitous, e.g., authors who write under different pseudonyms, or different legal names for citizens of more than one country. The proposed pattern is a modified merger of a standard Agent Role and a standard Name pattern stub.

ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Openness and Transparency in Academic Publishing: A Decade of Data from the Semantic Web Journal Y1 - 2023 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Abhilekha Dalal A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Andrew Eells A1 - Sanaz Saki Norouzi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diverse data! Diverse schemata? JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2022 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Gengchen Mai A1 - Shirly Stephen A1 - Rui Zhu A1 - Ling Cai A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Zilong Liu A1 - Zhangyu Wang A1 - Meilin Shi VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-210453 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Know, Know Where, KnowWhereGraph: A Densely Connected, Cross-Domain Knowledge Graph and Geo-Enrichment Service Stack for Applications in Environmental Intelligence JF - AI Magazine Y1 - 2022 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Wenwen Li A1 - Dean Rehberger A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Rui Zhu A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Colby K. Fisher A1 - Ling Cai A1 - Gengchen Mai A1 - Joseph Zalewski A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Shirly Stephen A1 - Seila Gonzalez A1 - Bryce Mecum A1 - Anna Lopez Carr A1 - Andrew Schroeder A1 - Dave Smith A1 - Dawn Wright A1 - Sizhe Wang A1 - Yuanyuan Tian A1 - Zilong Liu A1 - Meilin Shi A1 - Anthony D’Onofrio A1 - Zhining Gu ER - TY - CONF T1 - LD Connect: A Linked Data Portal for IOS Press Scientometrics T2 - The Semantic Web - 19th International Conference, ESWC 2022, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, May 29 - June 2, 2022 Y1 - 2022 A1 - Zilong Liu A1 - Meilin Shi A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Gengchen Mai A1 - Rui Zhu A1 - Stephanie Delbeque A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - The Semantic Web - 19th International Conference, ESWC 2022, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, May 29 - June 2, 2022 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning: A Survey and Interpretation T2 - Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: The State of the Art Y1 - 2022 A1 - Tarek R. Besold A1 - Artur S. d'Avila Garcez A1 - Sebastian Bader A1 - Howard Bowman A1 - Pedro Domingos A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Kai-Uwe Kühnberger A1 - Luís C. Lamb A1 - Daniel Lowd A1 - Priscila Machado Vieira Lima A1 - Leo de Penning A1 - Gadi Pinkas A1 - Hoifung Poon A1 - Gerson Zaverucha JF - Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: The State of the Art PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuro-symbolic approaches in artificial intelligence JF - National Science Review Y1 - 2022 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Monireh Ebrahimi A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Lu Zhou VL - 9 UR - https://academic.oup.com/nsr/article/9/6/nwac035/6542460 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Current Trends JF - AI Communications Y1 - 2022 A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Pascal Hitzler VL - 34 IS - 3 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence - The State of the Art T2 - Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications Y1 - 2022 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker JF - Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam UR - https://www.iospress.com/catalog/books/neuro-symbolic-artificial-intelligence-the-state-of-the-art ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advancing Agriculture through Semantic Data Management JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2021 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Ajay Sharda A1 - Cogan Shimizu VL - 12 IS - 4 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Aligning Patterns to the Wikibase Model T2 - Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns Y1 - 2021 A1 - Andrew Eells A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Seila Gonzalez Estrecha A1 - Dean Rehberger JF - Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns ER - TY - CONF T1 - Automatically Generating Human Readable Documentation for Ontology Design Patterns T2 - International Semantic Web Conference Poster and Demos Y1 - 2021 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - International Semantic Web Conference Poster and Demos ER - TY - CONF T1 - Bridging Upper Ontology and Modular Ontology Modeling: A Tool and Evaluation T2 - KGSWC-2021 Y1 - 2021 A1 - Abhilekha Dalal A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

Ontologies are increasingly used as schema for knowledge graphs in many application areas. As such, there are a variety of different approaches for their development. In this paper, we describe and evaluate UAO (for Upper Ontology Alignment Tool), which is an extension to CoModIDE, a graphical prote'ge' plugin for modular ontology modeling. UAO enables ontology engineers to combine modular ontology modeling with a more traditional ontology modeling approach based on upper ontologies. We posit -- and our evaluation supports this claim -- that the tool does indeed makes it easier to combine both approaches. Thus, UAO enables a best-of-both-worlds approach. The evaluation consists of a user study, and the results show that performing typical manual alignment modeling tasks is relatively easier with UAO than doing it with porte'ge' alone, in terms of the time required to complete the task and improving the correctness of the output. Additionally, our test subjects provided significantly higher ratings on the System Utilization Scale for UOA.

JF - KGSWC-2021 ER - TY - Generic T1 - On the Capabilities of Pointer Networks for Deep Deductive Reasoning Y1 - 2021 A1 - Monireh Ebrahimi A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - arXiv ER - TY - CONF T1 - Environmental Observations in Knowledge Graphs T2 - DaMaLOS 2021 @ ISWC Y1 - 2021 A1 - Rui Zhu A1 - Shirly Stephen Ambrose A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Ling Cai A1 - Gengchen Mai A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Mark Schildhauer AB -

The notion of Linked Open Science rests on the assumption that Linked Data principles contribute to science and scientific data management in several distinct ways (e.g., by adding rich semantics to improve retrieval and reuse of data). This begs the question of the right level of granularity for such semantic enrichment. On the one extreme of the spectrum, one may provide semantic annotations on the level of entire datasets to improve retrieval while leaving the actual data untouched. On the other end, one may semantically describe every single datum, such as a particular observation leading to data that supports reasoning, automated conflation, and so on, while, at the same time, dramatically increasing the size of data, including redundancy. This paper reports on our experience in modeling heterogeneous environmental data using a semantically-enabled observation framework, namely the SOSA ontology and its extensions to handle observation collections. We discuss different means of using these observation collections and compare their pros and cons in terms of data size and ease of querying. 

JF - DaMaLOS 2021 @ ISWC ER - TY - CONF T1 - Expressibility of OWL Axioms with Patterns T2 - ESWC 2021 Y1 - 2021 A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Sulogna Chowdhury A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

The high expressivity of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) makes it possible to describe complex relationships between classes, roles, and individuals in an ontology. However, this high expressivity can be an obstacle to correct usage and wide adoption. Past attempts to ameliorate this have included the development of specific, presumably human-friendly syntaxes, such as the Manchester syntax or graphical interfaces for OWL axioms, albeit with limited success. If modelers want to develop suitable OWL axioms it is important to make this as easy as possible. In this paper, we adopt an idea from the Protégé plug-in, OWLAx, which provides a simple, clickable interface to automatically input axioms of a limited number of types by following simple axiom patterns. In particular, each of these axiom patterns contains at most three classes or roles. We hypothesize that most of the axioms in existing ontologies could be expressed semantically in terms of simple patterns like these, which would mean that more complex patterns can be used very sparingly. Our findings, based on an analysis of 518 ontologies from six public ontology repositories, confirm this hypothesis: Over 90% of class axioms in the average ontology are indeed expressible with our simple patterns. We provide a detailed analysis of our findings.

JF - ESWC 2021 ER - TY - CONF T1 - InK Browser - The Interactive Knowledge Browser T2 - International Semantic Web Conference Y1 - 2021 A1 - Joseph Zalewski A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

We present an improved implementation of the Interactive Knowledge Browser (InK Browser), a tool for exploring knowledge graphs visually, using a schema diagram.

JF - International Semantic Web Conference VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modular Ontology Modeling JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2021 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Karl Hammar A1 - Pascal Hitzler ER - TY - CONF T1 - Neuro-Symbolic Deductive Reasoning for Cross-Knowledge Graph Entailment T2 - AAAI-MAKE 2021 Y1 - 2021 A1 - Monireh Ebrahimi A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Federico Bianchi A1 - Ning Xie A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Derek Doran A1 - HyeongSik Kim A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - AAAI-MAKE 2021 PB - AAAI ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Open Science data and the Semantic Web journal JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2021 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Andrew Eells VL - 12(3) ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Pattern for Features on a Hierarchical Spatial Grid T2 - The 10th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs, IJCKG 2021, December 6-8, 2021, Virtual Event, Thailand Y1 - 2021 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Rui Zhu A1 - Gengchen Mai A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - The 10th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs, IJCKG 2021, December 6-8, 2021, Virtual Event, Thailand PB - ACM ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Pattern for Modeling Causal Relations Between Events T2 - 13th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns Y1 - 2021 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Rui Zhu A1 - Genchen Mai A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - 13th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Seed Patterns for Modeling Trees T2 - Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering Y1 - 2021 A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - David Carral A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Hilmar Lapp A1 - Sebastian Rudolph AB - Trees – i.e., the type of data structure known under this name – are central to many aspects of knowledge organization. We investigate some central design choices concerning the ontological modeling of such trees. In particular, we consider the limits of what is expressible in the Web Ontology Language and provide a reusable ontology design pattern for trees. JF - Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering PB - IOS Press ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Semantic Compression with Region Calculi in Nested Hierarchical Grids (Technical Report) Y1 - 2021 A1 - Joseph Zalewski A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz KW - Hierarchical Grids KW - Knowledge Graphs KW - RCC5 AB -

We propose the combining of region connection calculi with nested hierarchical grids for representing spatial region data in the context of knowledge graphs, thereby avoiding reliance on vector representations. We present a resulting region calculus, and provide qualitative and formal evidence that this representation can be favorable with large data volumes in the context of knowledge graphs; in particular we study means of efficiently choosing which triples to store to minimize space requirements when data is represented this way, and we provide an algorithm for finding the smallest possible set of triples for this purpose including an asymptotic measure of the size of this set for a special case. We prove that a known constraint calculus is adequate for the reconstruction of all triples describing a region from such a pruned representation, but problematic for reasoning with hierarchical grids in general.

ER - TY - CONF T1 - SOSA-SHACL: Shapes Constraint for the Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator Ontology T2 - The 10th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs, IJCKG 2021, December 6-8, 2021, Virtual Event, Thailand Y1 - 2021 A1 - Rui Zhu A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Shirly Stephen A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Ling Cai A1 - Gengchen Mai A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - The 10th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs, IJCKG 2021, December 6-8, 2021, Virtual Event, Thailand PB - ACM ER - TY - Generic T1 - Toward Undifferentiated Cognitive Models T2 - International Conference on Cognitive Modeling Y1 - 2021 A1 - Colin Kupitz A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Daniel Schmidt A1 - Christopher Stevens A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Dario Salvucci A1 - Benji Maruyama A1 - Chris Myers AB - Autonomous systems are a new frontier for pushing sociotechnical advancement. Such systems will eventually become pervasive, involved in everything from manufacturing, healthcare, defense, and even research itself. However, proliferation is stifled by the high development costs and the resulting inflexibility of the produced systems. The current time needed to create and integrate state of the art autonomous systems that operate as team members in complex situations is a 3-15 year development period, often requiring humans to adapt to limitations in the resulting systems. A new research thrust in interactive task learning (ITL) has begun, calling for natural human-autonomy interaction to facilitate system flexibility and minimize users’ complexity in providing autonomous systems with new tasks. We discuss the development of an undifferentiated agent with a modular framework as a method of approaching that goal. JF - International Conference on Cognitive Modeling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Towards Bridging the Neuro-Symbolic Gap: Deep Deductive Reasoners JF - Applied Intelligence Y1 - 2021 A1 - Monireh Ebrahimi A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Federico Bianchi A1 - Pascal Hitzler ER - TY - Generic T1 - AROA Results of OAEI 2020 T2 - Ontology Matching Y1 - 2020 A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Ontology Matching PB - Springer ER - TY - Generic T1 - Completion Reasoning Emulation for the Description Logic EL+ T2 - Proceedings of the AAAI 2020 Spring Symposium on Combining Machine Learning and Knowledge Engineering in Practice Y1 - 2020 A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Monireh Ebrahimi A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - Deep Learning KW - Description Logic KW - EL+ KW - LSTM KW - NeSy KW - Reasoning AB -

We present a new approach to integrating deep learning with knowledge-based systems that we believe shows promise. Our approach seeks to emulate reasoning structure, which can be inspected part-way through, rather than simply learning reasoner answers, which is typical in many of the black-box systems currently in use. We demonstrate that this idea is feasible by training a long short-term memory (LSTM) artificial neural network to learn EL+ reasoning patterns with two different data sets. We also show that this trained system is resistant to noise by corrupting a percentage of the test data and comparing the reasoner's and LSTM's predictions on corrupt data with correct answers.

JF - Proceedings of the AAAI 2020 Spring Symposium on Combining Machine Learning and Knowledge Engineering in Practice PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA VL - 2600 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2600/paper5.pdf ER - TY - Generic T1 - Counterfactual reasoning over large-scale human performance optimization experiments Y1 - 2020 A1 - Ion Juvina A1 - William R. Aue A1 - Brandon Minnery A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Srikanth Nadella A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker JF - Virtual poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, November 2020 ER - TY - CONF T1 - CSSA'20: Workshop on Combining Symbolic and Sub-Symbolic Methods and their Applications T2 - CIKM'20: The 29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Virtual Event, Ireland, October 19-23, 2020 Y1 - 2020 A1 - Mehwish Alam A1 - Paul Groth A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Heiko Paulheim A1 - Harald Sack A1 - Volker Tresp JF - CIKM'20: The 29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Virtual Event, Ireland, October 19-23, 2020 PB - ACM ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Domain Ontology for Task Instructions T2 - KGSWC Y1 - 2020 A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Christopher Stevens A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Christopher W. Myers A1 - Benji Maruyam AB - Knowledge graphs and ontologies represent information in a variety of different applications. One use case, the Intelligence, Surveillance, & Reconnaissance: Mutli-Attribute Task Battery (ISR-MATB), comes from Cognitive Science, where researchers use interdisciplinary methods to understand the mind and cognition. The ISR-MATB is a set of tasks that a cognitive or human agent perform which test visual, auditory, and memory capabilities. An ontology can represent a cognitive agent’s background knowledge of the task it was instructed to perform and act as an interchange format between different Cognitive Agent tasks similar to ISR-MATB. We present several modular patterns for representing ISR-MATB task instructions, as well as a unified diagram that links them together. JF - KGSWC ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Enslaved Dataset: A Real-world Complex Ontology Alignment Benchmark using Wikibase T2 - 29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management Y1 - 2020 A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Alicia M Sheill A1 - Seila Gonzalez Estrecha A1 - Catherine Foley A1 - Duncan Tarr A1 - Dean Rehberger JF - 29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management PB - ACM ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Enslaved Ontology: Peoples of the Historic Slave Trade JF - Journal of Web Semantics Y1 - 2020 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Quinn Hirt A1 - Dean Rehberger A1 - Seila Gonzalez Estrecha A1 - Catherine Foley A1 - Alicia M. Sheill A1 - Walter Hawthorne A1 - Jeff Mixter A1 - Ethan Watrall A1 - Ryan Carty A1 - Duncan Tarr KW - data integration KW - digital humanities KW - history of the slave trade KW - modular ontology KW - Ontology Design Patterns AB -

We present the Enslaved Ontology (V1.0) which was developed for integrating data about the historic slave trade from diverse sources in a use case driven by historians. Ontology development followed modular ontology design principles as derived from ontology design pattern application best practices and the eXtreme Design Methodology. Ontology content focuses on data about historic persons and the event records from which this data can be taken. It also incorporates provenance modeling and some temporal and spatial aspects. The ontology is available as serialized in the Web Ontology Language OWL, and carries modularization annotations using the Ontology Pattern Language (OPLa). It is available under the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license.

VL - 63 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Framework for Explainable Deep Neural Models Using External Knowledge Graphs T2 - Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Multi-Domain Operations Applications, SPIE Y1 - 2020 A1 - Zachary A. Daniels A1 - Logan D. Frank A1 - Christopher J. Menart A1 - Michael Raymer A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Multi-Domain Operations Applications, SPIE ER - TY - Generic T1 - A Functional API for OWL Y1 - 2020 A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB - We present (f OWL), a minimalistic, functional programming style ontology editor that is based directly on the OWL 2 Structural Specification. (f OWL) is written from scratch, entirely in Clojure, having no other dependencies. Ontologies in (f OWL) are implemented as standalone and homogeneous data structures, which means that the same exact functions written for single axioms or expressions often work identically on any part of an ontology, even the entire ontology itself. The lazy functional style of Clojure also allows for intuitive and simple ontology creation and modification with a minimal memory footprint. All of this is possible without ever needing to use a single class, except of course in the Ontologies one creates! JF - The 19th International Semantic Web Conference VL - 2721 ER - TY - CONF T1 - GeoLink Cruises: A Non-Synthetic Benchmark for Co-Reference Resolution on Knowledge Graphs T2 - International conference on information and knowledge management Y1 - 2020 A1 - Reihaneh Amini A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - International conference on information and knowledge management PB - ACM DL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GeoLink Dataset: A Complex Alignment Benchmark from Real-world Ontology JF - Data Intelligence Y1 - 2020 A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gold-Level Open Access at the Semantic Web Journal JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2020 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler VL - 11 UR - http://www.semantic-web-journal.net/content/gold-level-open-access-semantic-web-journal IS - 1 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Knowledge Graphs for eXplainable Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Applications and Challenges T2 - Studies on the Semantic Web Y1 - 2020 A1 - Ilaria Tiddi A1 - Freddy Lécué A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Studies on the Semantic Web PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam VL - 47 UR - https://www.iospress.nl/book/knowledge-graphs-for-explainable-artificial-intelligence-foundations-applications-and-challenges/ ER - TY - CONF T1 - Modular Graphical Ontology Engineering Evaluated T2 - The Semantic Web - 17th International Conference, ESWC 2020, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 31-June 4, 2020, Proceedings Y1 - 2020 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Karl Hammar A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Andreas Harth ED - Sabrina Kirrane ED - Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo ED - Heiko Paulheim ED - Anisa Rula ED - Anna Lisa Gentile ED - Peter Haase ED - Michael Cochez JF - The Semantic Web - 17th International Conference, ESWC 2020, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 31-June 4, 2020, Proceedings PB - Springer VL - 12123 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49461-2\2 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Modular Ontology Modeling: A Tutorial T2 - Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning Y1 - 2020 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Adila Krisnadhi AB -

We provide an in-depth example of modular ontology engineering with ontology design patterns. The style and content of this chapter is adapted from previous work and tutorials on Modular Ontology Modeling. It o ers expanded steps and updated tool information. The tutorial is largely self-contained, but assumes that the reader is familiar with the Web Ontology Language OWL; however, we do briefly review some foundational concepts. By the end of the tutorial, we expect
the reader to have an understanding of the underlying motivation and methodology for producing a modular ontology.

JF - Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning PB - IOS Press VL - 49 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Modular Ontology Modeling Meets Upper Ontologies: The Upper Ontology Alignment Tool T2 - The 19th International Semantic Web Conference Y1 - 2020 A1 - Abhilekha Dalal A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

We provide an extension to the Prote'ge'-based modular ontology engineering tool CoModIDE, in order to make it possible for ontology engineers to adhere to traditional ontology modeling processes based on upper or foundational ontologies. As a bridge between the more recently proposed modular ontology modeling approach and more classical ones based on foundational ontologies, it enables a best-of-both-worlds approach for ontology engineering.

JF - The 19th International Semantic Web Conference VL - 2721 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multimodal mental health analysis in social media JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2020 A1 - Amir Hossein Yazdavar A1 - Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad A1 - Goonmeet Baja A1 - William Romine A1 - Amit Sheth A1 - Amir Hassan Monadjemi A1 - Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan A1 - John M. Meddar A1 - Annie Myers A1 - Jyotishman Pathak A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - Explainable Machine Learning KW - Hypothesis Testing KW - National Language Processing KW - Prediction KW - Regression AB -

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Depression is a major public health concern in the U.S. and globally. While successful early

identification and treatment can lead to many positive health and behavioral outcomes,

depression, remains undiagnosed, untreated or undertreated due to several reasons,

including denial of the illness as well as cultural and social stigma. With the ubiquity of social

media platforms, millions of people are now sharing their online persona by expressing their

thoughts, moods, emotions, and even their daily struggles with mental health on social

media. Unlike traditional observational cohort studies conducted through questionnaires

and self-reported surveys, we explore the reliable detection of depressive symptoms from

tweets obtained, unobtrusively. Particularly, we examine and exploit multimodal big (social)

data to discern depressive behaviors using a wide variety of features including individuallevel

demographics. By developing a multimodal framework and employing statistical techniques

to fuse heterogeneous sets of features obtained through the processing of visual,

textual, and user interaction data, we significantly enhance the current state-of-the-art

approaches for identifying depressed individuals on Twitter (improving the average F1-

Score by 5 percent) as well as facilitate demographic inferences from social media. Besides

providing insights into the relationship between demographics and mental health, our

research assists in the design of a new breed of demographic-aware health interventions.

UR - https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226248&type=printable ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neural-Symbolic Integration and the Semantic Web JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2020 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Federico Bianchi A1 - Monireh Ebrahimi A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker VL - 11 UR - http://www.semantic-web-journal.net/content/neural-symbolic-integration-and-semantic-web-0 IS - 1 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - An Ontology of Instruction 1.0 Y1 - 2020 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Quinn Hirt A1 - Christopher Stevens A1 - Christopher W. Myers A1 - Benji Maruyama A1 - Colin Kupitz A1 - Dario Salvucci ER - TY - Generic T1 - Results of theOntology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2020 T2 - 15th International Workshop on Ontology Matching Y1 - 2020 A1 - Mina Abd Nikooie Pour A1 - Alsayed Algergawy A1 - Reihaneh Amini A1 - Daniel Faria A1 - Irini Fundulaki A1 - Ian Harrow A1 - Sven Hertling A1 - Ernesto Jiménez-Ruiz A1 - Clement Jonquet A1 - Naouel Karam A1 - Abderrahmane Khiat A1 - Amir Laadhar A1 - Patrick Lambrix A1 - Huanyu Li A1 - Ying Li A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Heiko Paulheim A1 - Catia Pesquita A1 - Tzanina Saveta A1 - Pavel Shvaiko A1 - Andrea Splendiani A1 - Elodie Thieblin A1 - Cassia Trojahn A1 - Jana Vatascinova A1 - Beyza Yaman A1 - Ondrej Zamazal A1 - Lu Zhou JF - 15th International Workshop on Ontology Matching ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Review Of The Semantic Web Field JF - Communications of the ACM Y1 - 2020 A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

We review two decades of Semantic Web research and applications, discuss relationships to some other disciplines, and current challenges in the field.

ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time is ripe to embrace the scientific approach in Applied Ontology JF - Appl. Ontology Y1 - 2020 A1 - Stefano Borgo A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Cogan Shimizu VL - 15 UR - https://doi.org/10.3233/AO-200237 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Wikipedia Knowledge Graph for Explainable AI T2 - Second Iberoamerican Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web Conference (KGSWC) Y1 - 2020 A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Joshua Schwartz A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Srikanth Nadella A1 - Brandon Minnery A1 - Ion Juvina A1 - Michael L. Raymer A1 - William R. Aue AB -

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) requires domain information to explain a system's decisions, for which structured forms of domain information like Knowledge Graphs (KGs) or ontologies are best suited. As such, readily available KGs are important to accelerate progress in XAI. To facilitate the advancement of XAI, we present the Wikipedia Knowledge Graph (WKG), based on information from English Wikipedia. Each Wikipedia article title, its corresponding category, and the category hierarchy are transformed into different entities in the knowledge graph. As the Wikipedia category hierarchy is not a tree, instead forming a graph, to make the finding process of the parent category easier, we break cycles in the category hierarchy. We evaluate whether the WKG is helpful to improve XAI compared with existing KGs, finding that WKG is better suited than the current state of the art. We also compare the cycle-free WKG with the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) and DBpedia schema KGs, finding minimal to no information loss.

JF - Second Iberoamerican Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web Conference (KGSWC) ER - TY - CONF T1 - AROA Results of 2019 OAEI T2 - Ontology Matching Y1 - 2019 A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Ontology Matching PB - CEUR CY - Auckland, New Zealand ER - TY - CONF T1 - On the Capabilities of Logic Tensor Networks for Deductive Reasoning T2 - AAAI Spring Symposium 2019 Y1 - 2019 A1 - Bianchi, Federico A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - AAAI Spring Symposium 2019 ER - TY - Generic T1 - A closer look at the Semantic Web journal's review process Y1 - 2019 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz UR - https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-180342 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Complementing Logical Reasoning with Sub-symbolic Commonsense T2 - Rules and Reasoning - Third International Joint Conference, RuleML+RR 2019, Bolzano, Italy, September 16-19, 2019 Y1 - 2019 A1 - Federico Bianchi A1 - Matteo Palmonari A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Luciano Serafini JF - Rules and Reasoning - Third International Joint Conference, RuleML+RR 2019, Bolzano, Italy, September 16-19, 2019 PB - Springer ER - TY - CONF T1 - Efficient Concept Induction for Description Logics T2 - AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence Y1 - 2019 A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

Concept Induction refers to the problem of creating complex Description Logic class descriptions (i.e., TBox axioms) from instance examples (i.e.,  ABox data). In this paper we look particularly at the case where both a set of positive and a set of negative instances are given, and complex class expressions are sought under which the positive but not the negative examples fall. Concept induction has found applications in ontology engineering, but existing algorithms have fundamental performance issues in some scenarios, mainly because a high number of invokations of an external Description Logic reasoner is usually required. In this paper we present a new algorithm for this problem which drastically reduces the number of reasoner invokations needed. While this comes at the expense of a more limited traversal of the search space, we show that our approach improves execution times by up to several orders of magnitude, while output correctness, measured in the amount of correct coverage of the input instances, remains reasonably high in many cases. Our approach thus should provide a strong alternative to existing systems, in particular in settings where other systems are prohibitively slow.

JF - AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence PB - AAAI CY - Honolulu, US VL - 33 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Extensions to the Ontology Design Pattern Representation Language T2 - Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns (WOP 2019) co-located with 18th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2019), Auckland, New Zealand, October 27, 2019 Y1 - 2019 A1 - Quinn Hirt A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns (WOP 2019) co-located with 18th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2019), Auckland, New Zealand, October 27, 2019 PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 2459 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2459/short2.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Method for Automatically Generating Schema Diagrams for OWL Ontologies T2 - 1st Iberoamerican Knowledge Graph and Semantic Web Conference (KGSWC) Y1 - 2019 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Nazifa Karima A1 - Quinn Hirt A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - design patterns KW - evaluation KW - implementation KW - ontology KW - schema diagrams KW - visualization AB -

Interest in Semantic Web technologies, including knowledge graphs and ontologies, is increasing rapidly in industry and academics. In order to support ontology engineers and domain experts, it is necessary to provide them with robust tools that facilitate the ontology engineering process. Often, the schema diagram of an ontology is the most important tool for quickly conveying the overall purpose of an ontology. In this paper, we present a method for programmatically generating a schema diagram from an OWL file. We evaluate its ability to generate schema diagrams similar to manually drawn schema diagrams and show that it outperforms VOWL and OWLGrEd. In addition, we provide a prototype implementation of this tool.

JF - 1st Iberoamerican Knowledge Graph and Semantic Web Conference (KGSWC) PB - Springer CY - Villa Clara, Cuba ER - TY - Generic T1 - MODL: a Modular Ontology Design Library T2 - Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns Y1 - 2019 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Quinn Hirt A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Semantic Web. 16th International Conference, ESWC 2019, Portoroz, Slovenia, June 2-6, 2019, Proceedings T2 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science Y1 - 2019 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Miriam Fernandez A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Amrapali Zaveri A1 - Alasdair Gray A1 - Vanessa Lopez A1 - Armin Haller A1 - Karl Hammar JF - Lecture Notes in Computer Science PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg VL - 11503 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Semantic Web: ESWC 2019 Satellite Events. Portoroz, Slovenia, June 2-6, 2019, Revised Selected Papers T2 - Lecture Notes In Computer Science Y1 - 2019 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Sabrina Kirrane A1 - Olaf Hartig A1 - Victor de Boer A1 - Maria-Esther Vidal A1 - Maria Maleshkova A1 - Stefan Schlobach A1 - Karl Hammar A1 - Nelia Lasierra A1 - Steffen Stadtmüller A1 - Katja Hose A1 - Ruben Verborgh JF - Lecture Notes In Computer Science PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg VL - 11762 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards Association Rule-Based Complex Ontology Alignment T2 - Joint International Semantic Technology Conference Y1 - 2019 A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Joint International Semantic Technology Conference PB - Springer CY - Hangzhou, China ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Complex Alignment Benchmark: Geolink dataset T2 - ISWC Y1 - 2018 A1 - Lu Zhou A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - ISWC PB - Springer ER - TY - Generic T1 - Formal Ontology in Information Systems - Proceedings of the 10th International Conference, FOIS 2018, Cape Town, South Africa, 19-21 September 2018 T2 - FOIS 2018 Y1 - 2018 A1 - Stefano Borgo A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Oliver Kutz JF - FOIS 2018 PB - IOS Press ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The GeoLink Knowledge Graph JF - Big Earth Data Y1 - 2018 A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Reihaneh Amini A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Tom Narock A1 - Matt Jones A1 - Peng Ji ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The GeoLink Knowledge Graph JF - Big Earth Data Y1 - 2018 A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Reihaneh Amini A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Tom Narock A1 - Matt Jones A1 - Peng Ji ER - TY - CONF T1 - Modular Ontologies as a Bridge Between Human Conceptualization and Data T2 - Graph-Based Representation and Reasoning - 23rd International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2018, Edinburgh, UK, June 20-22, 2018, Proceedings Y1 - 2018 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Cogan Shimizu JF - Graph-Based Representation and Reasoning - 23rd International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2018, Edinburgh, UK, June 20-22, 2018, Proceedings PB - Springer VL - 10872 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91379-7\_1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ontology Design Patterns for Winston's Taxonomy Of Part-Whole Relations T2 - Emerging Topics in Semantic Technologies - ISWC 2018 Satellite Events [best papers from 13 of the workshops co-located with the ISWC 2018 conference] Y1 - 2018 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Clare Paul JF - Emerging Topics in Semantic Technologies - ISWC 2018 Satellite Events [best papers from 13 of the workshops co-located with the ISWC 2018 conference] PB - IOS Press VL - 36 UR - https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-894-5-119 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the Prospects of Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies for Open Science and Academic Publishing JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2018 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Blake Regalia A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Gengchen Mai A1 - Stephanie Delbecque A1 - Maarten Fröhlich A1 - Patrick Mertinent A1 - Trevor Lazarus VL - 9 UR - http://www.semantic-web-journal.net/content/prospects-blockchain-and-distributed-ledger-technologies-open-science-and-academic IS - 5 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Protégé Plug-In for Annotating OWL Ontologies with OPLa T2 - ESWC (Satellite Events) Y1 - 2018 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Quinn Hirt A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - ESWC (Satellite Events) PB - Springer VL - 11155 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Pseudo-Random ALC Syntax Generation T2 - The Semantic Web: ESWC 2018 Satellite Events - ESWC 2018 Satellite Events, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 3-7, 2018, Revised Selected Papers Y1 - 2018 A1 - Aaron Eberhart A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - ALC KW - Description Logic KW - DL KW - random generation KW - synthetic data AB - We discuss a tool capable of rapidly generating pseudo-random syntactically valid ALC expression trees. The program is meant to allow a researcher to create large sets of independently valid expressions with a minimum of personal bias for experimentation. JF - The Semantic Web: ESWC 2018 Satellite Events - ESWC 2018 Satellite Events, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 3-7, 2018, Revised Selected Papers PB - Springer CY - Heraklion, Crete, Greece VL - 11155 SN - 978-3-319-98191-8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98192-5\_4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reasoning over RDF Knowledge Bases using Deep Learning JF - arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.04132 Y1 - 2018 A1 - Ebrahimi, Monireh A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Bianchi, Federico A1 - Xie, Ning A1 - Doran, Derek A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

Semantic Web knowledge representation standards, and in particular RDF and OWL, often come endowed with a formal semantics which is considered to be of fundamental importance for the field. Reasoning, i.e., the drawing of logical inferences from knowledge expressed in such standards, is traditionally based on logical deductive methods and algorithms which can be proven to be sound and complete and terminating, i.e. correct in a very strong sense. For various reasons, though, in particular the scalability issues arising from the ever-increasing amounts of Semantic Web data available and the inability of deductive algorithms to deal with noise in the data, it has been argued that alternative means of reasoning should be investigated which bear high promise for high scalability and better robustness. From this perspective, deductive algorithms can be considered the gold standard regarding correctness against which alternative methods need to be tested. In this paper, we show that it is possible to train a Deep Learning system on RDF knowledge graphs, such that it is able to perform reasoning over new RDF knowledge graphs, with high precision and recall compared to the deductive gold standard.

UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.04132 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Some Open Issues After Twenty Years of Formal Ontology T2 - FOIS 2018 Y1 - 2018 A1 - Stefano Borgo A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - FOIS 2018 UR - http://ebooks.iospress.nl/publication/50236 ER - TY - UNPB T1 - A Tutorial on Modular Ontology Modeling with Ontology Design Patterns: The Cooking Recipes Ontology Y1 - 2018 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Adila A. Krisnadhi ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns T2 - Studies on the Semantic Web Y1 - 2017 A1 - Karl Hammar A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Agnieszka Lawrynowicz A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Andrea Nuzzolese A1 - Monika Solanki JF - Studies on the Semantic Web PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam VL - 32 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Computational Environment: An ODP to Support Finding and Recreating Computational Analyses T2 - 8th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns - WOP2017 Y1 - 2017 A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Charles Vardeman A1 - Nazifa Karima A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - 8th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns - WOP2017 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - A Core Pattern for Events T2 - Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns Y1 - 2017 A1 - Adila A. Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - Generic T1 - Explaining Trained Neural Networks with Semantic Web Technologies: First Steps T2 - Twelveth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy Y1 - 2017 A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Ning Xie A1 - Derek Doran A1 - Michael Raymer A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - Artificial Intelligence AB -

The ever increasing prevalence of publicly available structured data on the World Wide Web enables new applications in a variety of domains. In this paper, we provide a conceptual approach that leverages such data in order to explain the input-output behavior of trained artificial neural networks. We apply existing Semantic Web technologies in order to provide an experimental proof of concept.

JF - Twelveth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy CY - London, UK UR - http://daselab.cs.wright.edu/nesy/NeSy17/ ER - TY - CONF T1 - On the Ontological Modeling of Trees T2 - 8th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns - WOP2017 Y1 - 2017 A1 - David Carral A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Hilmar Lapp A1 - Sebastian Rudolph JF - 8th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns - WOP2017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Ontology Design Pattern and Its Use Case for Modeling Material Transformation JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2017 A1 - Charles Vardeman A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Holly Ferguson A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Aimee Buccellato VL - 8 IS - 5 ER - TY - THES T1 - Propositional Rule Extraction from Neural Networks under Background Knowledge T2 - Mathematics and Statistical Science Y1 - 2017 A1 - Maryam Labaf A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Anthony B. Evans AB -

It is well-known that the input-output behaviour of a neural network can be recast in terms of a set of propositional rules, and under certain weak preconditions this is also always possible with positive (or definite) rules. Furthermore, in this case there is in fact a unique minimal (technically, reduced) set of such rules which perfectly captures the inputoutput mapping. In this paper, we investigate to what extent these results and corresponding rule extraction algorithms can be lifted to take additional background knowledge into account. It turns out that uniqueness of the solution can then no longer be guaranteed. However, the background knowledge often makes it possible to extract simpler, and thus more easily understandable, rulesets which still perfectly capture the input-output mapping.

JF - Mathematics and Statistical Science VL - Master ER - TY - CONF T1 - Propositional rule extraction from neural networks under background knowledge T2 - Twelfth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning Y1 - 2017 A1 - Maryam Labaf ED - Pascal Hitzler KW - Background knowledge KW - Neural Network KW - Propositional Logic KW - Rule Extraction JF - Twelfth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning ER - TY - Generic T1 - Relating Input Concepts to Convolutional Neural Network Decisions T2 - NIPS 2017 Workshop: Interpreting, Explaining and Visualizing Deep Learning, NIPS IEVDL 2017 Y1 - 2017 A1 - Ning Xie A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Derek Doran A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Michael Raymer AB -

Many current methods to interpret convolutional neural networks (CNNs) use visualization techniques and words to highlight concepts of the input seemingly relevant to a CNN’s decision. The methods hypothesize that the recognition of these concepts are instrumental in the decision a CNN reaches, but the nature of this relationship has not been well explored. To address this gap, this paper examines the quality of a concept’s recognition by a CNN and the degree to which the recognitions are associated with CNN decisions. The study considers a CNN trained for scene recognition over the ADE20k dataset. It uses a novel approach to find and score the strength of minimally distributed representations of input concepts (defined by objects in scene images) across late stage feature maps. Subsequent analysis finds evidence that concept recognition impacts decision making. Strong recognition of concepts frequently-occurring in few scenes are indicative of correct decisions, but recognizing concepts common to many scenes may mislead the network.

JF - NIPS 2017 Workshop: Interpreting, Explaining and Visualizing Deep Learning, NIPS IEVDL 2017 PB - NIPS CY - CA, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Rendering OWL in Description Logic Syntax T2 - ESWC 2017 Y1 - 2017 A1 - Cogan Shimizu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Matthew Horridge JF - ESWC 2017 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - ABST T1 - Rule-based OWL Modeling with ROWLTab Protege Plugin Y1 - 2017 A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - David Carral A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

It has been argued that it is much easier to convey logi- cal statements using rules rather than OWL (or description logic (DL)) axioms. Based on recent theoretical developments on transformations between rules and DLs, we have developed ROWLTab, a Prot ́eg ́e plugin that allows users to enter OWL axioms by way of rules; the plugin then automatically converts these rules into OWL 2 DL axioms if possible, and prompts the user in case such a conversion is not possible without weakening the semantics of the rule. In this paper, we present ROWLTab, together with a user evaluation of its effectiveness compared to entering axioms using the standard Prot ́eg ́e interface. Our evaluation shows that modeling with ROWLTab is much quicker than the standard interface, while at the same time, also less prone to errors for hard modeling tasks.

ER - TY - CHAP T1 - A Spatiotemporal Extent Pattern based on Semantic Trajectories T2 - Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns Y1 - 2017 A1 - Adila A. Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz JF - Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The Stub Metapattern T2 - Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns Y1 - 2017 A1 - Adila A. Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards a simple but useful ontology design pattern representation language T2 - 8th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns - WOP2017 Y1 - 2017 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Aldo Gangemi A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Adila A. Krisnadhi A1 - Valentina Presutti JF - 8th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns - WOP2017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - AI for Traffic Analytics JF - The IEEE Intelligent Informatics Bulletin Y1 - 2016 A1 - Raghava Mutharaju A1 - Freddy Lécué A1 - Jeff Z. Pan A1 - Jiewen Wu A1 - Pascal Hitzler VL - 17 IS - 1 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Collected Research Questions Concerning Ontology Design Patterns T2 - Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications Y1 - 2016 A1 - Karl Hammar A1 - Eva Blomqvist A1 - David Carral A1 - Marieke van Erp A1 - Antske Fokkens A1 - Aldo Gangemi A1 - Willem Robert van Hage A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Nazifa Karima A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Tom Narock A1 - Roxane Segers A1 - Monika Solanki A1 - Vojtech Svatek JF - Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations regarding Ontology Design Patterns JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2016 A1 - Eva Blomqvist A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Monika Solanki VL - 7 IS - 1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Detector Final State pattern: Using the Web Ontology Language to describe a Physics Analysis T2 - Presented at the 17th International workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in physics research (ACAT), Valparaiso, Chile, January 2016. Y1 - 2016 A1 - Gordon Watts A1 - Charles Vardeman A1 - David Carral A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

The Data and Software Preservation for Open Science (DASPOS) collaboration has developed an ontology for describing particle physics analyses. The ontology, a series of data triples, is designed to describe dataset, selection cuts, and measured quantities for an analysis. The ontology specification, written in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), is designed to be interpreted by many pre-existing tools, including search engines, and to apply to both theory and experiment published papers. This paper gives an introduction to OWL and this branch of library science from a particle physicist’s point of view, specifics of the Detector Final State Pattern, and how it is designed to be used in the field of particle physics primarily to archive and recall analyses. A general introduction to DASPOS and how its other work fits in with this topic will also be described.

JF - Presented at the 17th International workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in physics research (ACAT), Valparaiso, Chile, January 2016. N1 -

Presented at the 17th International workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in physics research (ACAT), Valparaiso, Chile, January 2016.

ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Geospatial Semantic Web T2 - The International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment, and Technology. Wiley/AAG Y1 - 2016 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - The International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment, and Technology. Wiley/AAG ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Geospatial Semantic Web T2 - The International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment, and Technology Y1 - 2016 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - The International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment, and Technology PB - Wiley/AAG ER - TY - Generic T1 - How to Document Ontology Design Patterns T2 - 7th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2016) Y1 - 2016 A1 - Nazifa Karima A1 - Karl Hammar A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - 7th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2016) PB - IOS Press CY - Kobe, Japan ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Introduction: Ontology Design Patterns in a Nutshell T2 - Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications Y1 - 2016 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Aldo Gangemi A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Valentina Presutti JF - Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linked Dataset Description Papers at the Semantic Web Journal: A Critical Assessment JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2016 A1 - Aidan Hogan A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz VL - 7 IS - 2 ER - TY - CONF T1 - LinkGen: Multipurpose linked data generator T2 - International Semantic Web Conference Y1 - 2016 A1 - Joshi, Amit Krishna A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Dong, Guozhu JF - International Semantic Web Conference PB - Springer ER - TY - CONF T1 - Modeling OWL with Rules: The ROWL Protege Plugin Y1 - 2016 A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - David Carral A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

Abstract. In our experience, some ontology users find it much easier to convey logical statements using rules rather than OWL (or description logic) axioms. Based on recent theoretical developments on transformations between rules and description logics, we develop ROWL, a Proteg´ e plugin that allows users to enter OWL axioms by way of rules; the plugin then automatically converts these rules into OWL DL axioms if possible, and prompts the user in case such a conversion is not possible without weakening the semantics of the rule.

PB - 15th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) 2016 CY - Kobe, Japan UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1690/paper92.pdf ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Modeling With Ontology Design Patterns: Chess Games As a Worked Example T2 - Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications Y1 - 2016 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications PB - IOS Press VL - 25 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Ontology Design Patterns for Linked Data Publishing T2 - Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications Y1 - 2016 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Nazifa Karima A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Reihaneh Amini A1 - Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz JF - Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications VL - 25 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications T2 - Studies On the Semantic Web Y1 - 2016 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Aldo Gangemi A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Valentina Presutti JF - Studies On the Semantic Web PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam VL - 025 ER - TY - CONF T1 - OWLAx: A Protege Plugin to Support Ontology Axiomatization through Diagramming Y1 - 2016 A1 - Md Kamruzzaman Sarker A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

Abstract. Once the conceptual overview, in terms of a somewhat informal class diagram, has been designed in the course of engineering an ontology, the process of adding many of the appropriate logical axioms is mostly a routine task. We provide a Prot´eg´e3 plugin which supports this task, together with a visual user interface, based on established methods for ontology design pattern modeling.

PB - 15th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC2016, Kobe, Japan, October 2016 CY - Kobe, Japan UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1690/paper83.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Practical Acyclicity Notion for Query Answering Over Horn-SRIQ Ontologies T2 - The Semantic Web - {ISWC} 2016 - 15th International Semantic Web Conference, Kobe, Japan, October 17-21, 2016, Proceedings, Part {I} Y1 - 2016 A1 - David Carral A1 - Cristina Feier A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

Conjunctive query answering over expressive Horn Description Logic ontologies is a relevant and challenging problem which, in some cases, can be addressed by application of the chase algorithm. In this paper, we define a novel acyclicity notion which provides a sufficient condition for termination of the restricted chase over Horn-SRIQ TBoxes. We show that this notion generalizes most of the existing acyclicity conditions (both theoretically and empirically). Furthermore, this new acyclicity notion gives rise to a very efficient reasoning procedure. We provide evidence for this by providing a materialization based reasoner for acyclic ontologies which outperforms other state-of-the-art systems.

JF - The Semantic Web - {ISWC} 2016 - 15th International Semantic Web Conference, Kobe, Japan, October 17-21, 2016, Proceedings, Part {I} UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46523-4_5 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Reasoning with Large Scale OWL 2 EL Ontologies Based on MapReduce T2 - Web Technologies and Applications - 18th Asia-Pacific Web Conference, APWeb 2016, Suzhou, China, September 23-25, 2016 Y1 - 2016 A1 - Zhangquan Zhou A1 - Guilin Qi A1 - Chang Liu A1 - Raghava Mutharaju A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Web Technologies and Applications - 18th Asia-Pacific Web Conference, APWeb 2016, Suzhou, China, September 23-25, 2016 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP T1 - On the Roles of Logical Axiomatizations for Ontologies T2 - Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications Y1 - 2016 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Adila Krisnadhi JF - Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - Generic T1 - Update on ESIP Testbed Project Y1 - 2016 A1 - Nazifa Karima A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Tom Narock ER - TY - CONF T1 - Alignment Aware Linked Data Compression T2 - Joint International Semantic Technology Conference Y1 - 2015 A1 - Joshi, Amit Krishna A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Dong, Guozhu AB -

The success of linked data has resulted in a large amount of data being generated in a standard RDF format. Various techniques have been explored to generate a compressed version of RDF datasets for archival and transmission purpose. However, these compression techniques are designed to compress a given dataset without using any external knowledge, either through a compact representation or removal of semantic redundancies present in the dataset. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to compress RDF datasets by exploiting alignments present across various datasets at both instance and schema level. Our system generates lossy compression based on the confidence value of relation between the terms. We also present a comprehensive evaluation of the approach by using reference alignment from OAEI.

JF - Joint International Semantic Technology Conference ER - TY - CONF T1 - Distributed and Scalable OWL EL Reasoning T2 - Proceedings of the 12th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2015) Y1 - 2015 A1 - Raghava Mutharaju A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Prabhaker Mateti A1 - Freddy Lécué KW - DistEL KW - Distributed Reasoning KW - Ontology Classification KW - OWL EL AB -

OWL 2 EL is one of the tractable proles of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) which is a W3C-recommended standard. OWL 2 EL provides sucient expressivity to model large biomedical ontologies as well as streaming data such as trac, while at the same time allows for ecient reasoning services. Existing reasoners for OWL 2 EL, however, use only a single machine and are thus constrained by memory and computational power. At the same time, the automated generation of ontological information from streaming data and text can lead to very large ontologies which can exceed the capacities of these reasoners. We thus describe a distributed reasoning system that scales well using a cluster of commodity machines. We also apply our system to a use case on city trac data and show that it can handle volumes which cannot be handled by current single machine reasoners.

JF - Proceedings of the 12th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2015) PB - Springer CY - Portoroz, Slovenia ER - TY - CONF T1 - EarthCube GeoLink: Semantics and Linked Data for the Geosciences T2 - 2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 14-18 December 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Robert A. Arko A1 - Suzanne Carbotte A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Douglas Fils A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Peng Ji A1 - Matthew Jones A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Kerstin Lehnert A1 - Audrey Mickle A1 - Tom Narock A1 - Margaret O'Brien A1 - Lisa Raymond A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Peter Wiebe JF - 2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 14-18 December 2015 ER - TY - Generic T1 - The GeoLink Framework for Pattern-based Linked Data Integration Y1 - 2015 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Yingjie Hu A1 - Krzsyztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Suzanne Carbotte A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Douglas Fils A1 - Timothy Finin A1 - Peng Ji A1 - Matthew Jones A1 - Nazifa Karima A1 - Kerstin Lehnert A1 - Audrey Mickle A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Margaret O'Brien A1 - Lisa Raymond A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Peter Wiebe JF - Proceedings of the ISWC 2015 Posters & Demonstrations Track ER - TY - CONF T1 - The GeoLink Modular Oceanography Ontology T2 - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2015. 14th International Semantic Web Conference, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States, October 11-15, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Yingjie Hu A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Suzanne Carbotte A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Douglas Fils A1 - Timothy Finin A1 - Peng Ji A1 - Matthew Jones A1 - Nazifa Karima A1 - Kerstin Lehnert A1 - Audrey Mickle A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Margaret O'Brien A1 - Lisa Raymond A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Peter Wiebe JF - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2015. 14th International Semantic Web Conference, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States, October 11-15, 2015 PB - Springer ER - TY - CONF T1 - Linked Data: Forming Partnerships at the Data Layer T2 - 2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 14-18 December 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Robert A. Arko A1 - Matthew Jones A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Douglas Fils A1 - Tom Narock A1 - Robert Groman A1 - Margaret O'Brien A1 - Evan W. Patton A1 - Danie Kinkade A1 - Shannon Rauch JF - 2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 14-18 December 2015 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Minimal Ontology Pattern for Life Cycle Assessment Data T2 - Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference {(ISWC} 2015), Bethlehem, PA, USA, October 11, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Yingjie Hu A1 - Sangwon Suh A1 - Bo Pedersen Weidema A1 - Beatriz Rivela A1 - Johan Tivander A1 - David E. Meyer A1 - Gary Berg-Cross A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Wesley Ingwersen A1 - Brandon Kuczenski A1 - Charles Vardeman A1 - Yiting Ju JF - Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference {(ISWC} 2015), Bethlehem, PA, USA, October 11, 2015 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning: Contributions and Challenges T2 - AAAI 2015 Spring Symposium on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Integrating Symbolic and Neural Approaches. Technical Report SS-15-03, AAAI Press, Palo Alto Y1 - 2015 A1 - Artur S. d'Avila Garcez A1 - Tarek R. Besold A1 - Luc De Raedt A1 - Peter Földiak A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Thomas Icard A1 - Kai-Uwe Kühnberger A1 - Luís C. Lamb A1 - Riisto Miikkulainen A1 - Daniel L. Silver JF - AAAI 2015 Spring Symposium on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Integrating Symbolic and Neural Approaches. Technical Report SS-15-03, AAAI Press, Palo Alto PB - AAAI Press ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ontological Support of Data Discovery and Synthesis in Estuarine and Coastal Science T2 - CERF 2015: 23rd Biennial Confernence, Grand Challenges in Coastal and Estuarine Science: Securing Our Future, Portland, OR, November 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Anne Thessen A1 - Benjamin Fertig A1 - Ramona Walls A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Rick Ziegler JF - CERF 2015: 23rd Biennial Confernence, Grand Challenges in Coastal and Estuarine Science: Securing Our Future, Portland, OR, November 2015 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Ontology Design Pattern for Chess Games T2 - Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, PA, USA Y1 - 2015 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Nazifa Karima A1 - Reihaneh Amini A1 - Ashley Coleman JF - Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, PA, USA VL - 1461 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1461/WOP2015_pattern_abstract_2.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Ontology Design Pattern for Data Integration in the Library Domain T2 - Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, PA, USA, October 11, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Patrick Obrien A1 - David Carral A1 - Jeff Mixter A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

A university’s institutional repository (IR) contains the in- tellectual output of its faculty, staff and students. Its content is exten- sive and heterogenous, which complicates data aggregation and discovery tasks. To address these challenges, we propose the use of a conceptual ontology design pattern to model information for the IR domain which is general enough to be reused across different IR datasets.

JF - Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, PA, USA, October 11, 2015 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Ontology Design Pattern for Dynamic Relative Relationships T2 - Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP 2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pensylvania, USA, October 11, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Holly Ferguson A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Charles Vardeman ED - Eva Blomqvist ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Adila Krisnadhi ED - Thomas Narock ED - Monika Solanki JF - Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP 2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pensylvania, USA, October 11, 2015 PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 1461 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1461/WOP2015_paper_3.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Ontology Design Pattern for Particle Physics Analysis T2 - Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP 2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pensylvania, USA, October 11, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - David Carral A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Sunje Dallmeir-Tiessen A1 - Patricia Herterich A1 - Michael D. Hildreth A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Kati Lassila-Perini A1 - Elizabeth Sexton-Kennedy A1 - Charles Vardeman A1 - Gordon Watts ED - Eva Blomqvist ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Adila Krisnadhi ED - Thomas Narock ED - Monika Solanki AB -

The detector final state is the core element of particle physics analysis as it defines the physical characteristics that form the basis of the measurement presented in a published paper. Although they are a crucial part of the research process, detector final states are not yet formally described, published in papers or searchable in a convenient way. This paper aims at providing an ontology pattern for the detector final state that can be used as a building block for an ontology covering the whole particle physics analysis life cycle.

JF - Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP 2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pensylvania, USA, October 11, 2015 PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 1461 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1461/WOP2015_pattern_abstract_5.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ontology Design Patterns: Bridging the Gap Between Local Semantic Use Cases and Large-Scale, Long-Term Data Integration T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 12 - 17 April 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Matthew Jones A1 - Lisa Raymond A1 - Audrey Mickle A1 - Timothy Finin A1 - Douglas Fils JF - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 12 - 17 April 2015 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ontology Design Patterns for Semantically Enriched LCA T2 - LCA XV, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, October 6-8, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Brandon Kuczenski A1 - Wesley Ingwersen A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Gary Berg-Cross A1 - Charles Vardeman A1 - Sangwon Suh JF - LCA XV, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, October 6-8, 2015 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Ontology For Specifying Spatiotemporal Scopes in Life Cycle Assessment T2 - Proceedings of the 1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Bo Yan A1 - Yingjie Hu A1 - Brandon Kuczenski A1 - Krzsyztof Janowicz A1 - Andrea Ballatore A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Sangwon Suh A1 - Wesley Ingwersen ED - Claudia d'Amato ED - Freddy Lécué ED - Raghava Mutharaju ED - Thomas Narock ED - Fabian Wirth JF - Proceedings of the 1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015 PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 1501 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1501/Diversity2015-paper_4.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ontology modeling with domain experts T2 - 1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - 1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ontology modeling with domain experts: The GeoVoCamp experience T2 - Diversity++ 2015, Proceedings of the 1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Adila Krisnadhi JF - Diversity++ 2015, Proceedings of the 1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Ontology Pattern Modeling for Cross-Repository Data Integration in the Ocean Sciences: The Oceanographic Cruise Example T2 - The Semantic Web in Earth and Space Science: Current Status and Future Directions Y1 - 2015 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Suzanne Carbotte A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Timothy Finin A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Lisa Raymond A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Peter Wiebe AB - EarthCube is a major effort of the National Science Foundation to establish a next-generation knowledge architecture for the broader geosciences. Data storage, retrieval, access, and reuse are central parts of this new effort. Currently, EarthCube is organized around several building blocks and research coordination networks. OceanLink is a semantics-enabled building block that aims at improving data retrieval and reuse via ontologies, Semantic Web technologies, and Linked Data for the ocean sciences. Cruises, in the sense of research expeditions, are central events for ocean scientists. Consequently, information about these cruises and the involved vessels is of primary interest for oceanographers, and thus, needs to be shared and made retrievable. In this paper, we report the use of a design pattern-centric strategy to model Cruise for OceanLink data integration. We provide a formal axiomatization of the introduced pattern using the Web Ontology Language, explain design choices and discuss the planned deployment and application scenarios of our model. JF - The Semantic Web in Earth and Space Science: Current Status and Future Directions PB - IOS Press ER - TY - CONF T1 - Pattern-Based Linked Data Publication: The Linked Chess Dataset Case T2 - Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Consuming Linked Data co-located with 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, US, October 12th, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Nazifa Karima A1 - Reihaneh Amini ED - Olaf Hartig ED - Juan Sequeda ED - Aidan Hogan AB -

This paper discusses the relationship between ontology design patterns (ODPs), data models and linked data, proposing a method that simplifies the task of publishing linked data while adhering to good modeling practices that reuse well-studied ODPs. The proposed process simplifies the tasks of the domain experts but preserves the integrity of the design patterns, favoring a well-designed and well documented data model which fosters data reuse. The work is illustrated with a linked dataset of two million chess games, with the key information mapped to other linked datasets and supported by formalized design patterns. This is the first time a chess dataset is presented as linked data, and an insight on its usefulness is given.

JF - Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Consuming Linked Data co-located with 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, US, October 12th, 2015 PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 1426 UR - http://dase.cs.wright.edu/publications/pattern-based-linked-data-publication-linked-chess-dataset-case ER - TY - Generic T1 - Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP 2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pensylvania, USA, October 11, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Eva Blomqvist A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Tom Narock A1 - Monika Solanki ER - TY - CONF T1 - R2R+BCO-DMO – Linked Oceanographic Datasets T2 - Proceedings of the 1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Suzanne Carbotte A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Yingjie Hu A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Peng Ji A1 - Nazifa Karima A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Peter Wiebe ED - Claudia d'Amato ED - Freddy Lécué ED - Raghava Mutharaju ED - Thomas Narock ED - Fabian Wirth AB - The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) and the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) program are two key data repositories for oceanographic research, supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). R2R curates digital data and documentation generated by environmental sensor systems installed on vessels from the U.S. academic research fleet, with support from the NSF Oceanographic Technical Services and Arctic Research Logistics Programs. BCO-DMO human-curates and maintains data and metadata including biological, chemical, and physical measurements and results from projects funded by the NSF Biological Oceanography, Chemical Oceanography, and Antarctic Organisms & Ecosystems Programs. These two repositories have a strong connection, and document several thousand U.S. oceanographic research expeditions since the 1970’s. Recently, R2R and BCO-DMO have made their metadata collections available as Linked Data, accessible via public SPARQL endpoints. In this paper, we report on these datasets. JF - Proceedings of the 1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015 PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 1501 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Semantic Web Journal as Linked Data T2 - International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2015, Posters and Demonstrations Track Y1 - 2015 A1 - Yingjie Hu A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Kunal Sengupta JF - International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2015, Posters and Demonstrations Track PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Semantic Web Journal Review Process: Transparent and Open JF - IEEE Computer Society Special Technical Community on Social Networking E-Letter Y1 - 2015 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz VL - 3 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semantics for Big Data JF - AI Magazine Y1 - 2015 A1 - Frank van Harmelen A1 - James A. Hendler A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz VL - 36 UR - http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2559 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards a Rule Based Distributed OWL Reasoning Framework T2 - 12th OWL Experiences and Directions Workshop (OWLED 2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015) Y1 - 2015 A1 - Raghava Mutharaju A1 - Prabhaker Mateti A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB - The amount of data exposed in the form of RDF and OWL continues to increase exponentially. Some approaches have already been proposed for the scalable reasoning over several language profiles such as RDFS, OWL Horst, OWL 2 EL, OWL 2 RL etc. But all those approaches are limited to the particular ruleset that the reasoner supports. In this work, we propose the idea for a rule-based distributed reasoning framework that can support any given ruleset and highlight some of the challenges that needs to be solved in order to implement such a framework. JF - 12th OWL Experiences and Directions Workshop (OWLED 2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015) PB - Springer CY - Bethlehem, PA, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards Defeasible Mappings for Tractable Description Logics T2 - ISWC 2015 - 14th International Semantic Web Conference, Bethlehem, PA, USA, October 11-15, 2015 Y1 - 2015 A1 - Kunal Sengupta A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - ISWC 2015 - 14th International Semantic Web Conference, Bethlehem, PA, USA, October 11-15, 2015 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why the Data Train Needs Semantic Rails JF - AI Magazine Y1 - 2015 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Frank van Harmelen A1 - James A. Hendler A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB - While catchphrases such as big data, smart data, data intensive science, or smart dust highlight different aspects, they share a common theme: Namely, a shift towards a data-centric perspective in which the synthesis and analysis of data at an ever-increasing spatial, temporal, and thematic resolution promises new insights, while, at the same time, reducing the need for strong domain theories as starting points. In terms of the envisioned methodologies, those catchphrases tend to emphasize the role of predictive analytics, i.e., statistical techniques including data mining and machine learning, as well as supercomputing. Interestingly, however, while this perspective takes the availability of data as a given, it does not answer the question how one would discover the required data in today’s chaotic information universe, how one would understand which datasets can be meaningfully integrated, and how to communicate the results to humans and machines alike. The Semantic Web addresses these questions. In the following, we argue why the data train needs semantic rails. We point out that making sense of data and gaining new insights works best if inductive and deductive techniques go hand-in-hand instead of competing over the prerogative of interpretation. VL - 36 UR - http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2560 ER - TY - CONF T1 - All But Not Nothing: Left-Hand Side Universals for Tractable OWL Profiles T2 - Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions (OWLED 2014) co-located with 13th International Semantic Web Conference on (ISWC 2014), Riva del Garda, Italy, October 17-18, 2014. Y1 - 2014 A1 - David Carral A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Sebastian Rudolph A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - C. Maria Keet ED - Valentina A. M. Tamma KW - description logics KW - Horn Logics KW - OWL AB - We show that occurrences of the universal quantifier in the left-hand side of general concept inclusions can be rewritten into EL++ axioms under certain circumstances. I.e., this intuitive modeling feature is available for OWL EL while retaining tractability. Furthermore, this rewriting makes it possible to reason over corresponding extensions of EL++ and Horn-SROIQ using standard reasoners. JF - Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions (OWLED 2014) co-located with 13th International Semantic Web Conference on (ISWC 2014), Riva del Garda, Italy, October 17-18, 2014. PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 1265 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1265/owled2014_submission_13.pdf ER - TY - Generic T1 - Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications - 16th International Conference, AIMSA 2014, Varna, Bulgaria, September 11-13, 2014. Proceedings T2 - AIMSA 2014 Y1 - 2014 ED - Gennady Agre ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Adila Krisnadhi ED - Sergei O. Kuznetsov JF - AIMSA 2014 PB - Springer VL - 8722 SN - 978-3-319-10553-6 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10554-3 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Combining Learning and Reasoning for Big Data T2 - Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Seminar 14381) Y1 - 2014 A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Artur S. d'Avila Garcez ED - Marco Gori ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Luís C. Lamb JF - Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Seminar 14381) VL - 9 IS - 4 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Conference v2.0: An uncertain version of the OAEI Conference benchmark T2 - 13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014) Y1 - 2014 A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Peter Mika ED - Tania Tudorache ED - Abraham Bernstein ED - Chris Welty ED - Craig A. Knoblock ED - Denny Vrandecic ED - Paul T. Groth ED - Natasha F. Noy ED - Krzysztof Janowicz ED - Carole A. Goble KW - benchmark KW - OAEI KW - Ontology Alignment AB - The Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative is a set of benchmarks for evaluating the performance of ontology alignment systems. In this paper we re-examine the Conference track of the OAEI, with a focus on the degree of agreement between the reference alignments within this track and the opinion of experts. We propose a new version of this benchmark that more closely corresponds to expert opinion and confidence on the matches. The performance of top alignment systems is compared on both versions of the benchmark. Additionally, a general method for crowdsourcing the development of more benchmarks of this type using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk is introduced and shown to be scalable, cost-effective and to agree well with expert opinion. JF - 13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014) PB - Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer CY - Riva del Garda, Italy VL - 8797 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Description Logics T2 - Handbook of the History of Logic Y1 - 2014 A1 - Matthias Knorr A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Dov. M. Gabbay ED - John Woods ED - Jörg Siekmann JF - Handbook of the History of Logic PB - Elsevier VL - 9 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Description Logics T2 - Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining Y1 - 2014 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining PB - Springer UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6170-8_108 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Developing a Distributed Reasoner for the Semantic Web T2 - Proceedings of the ISWC Developers Workshop 2014, co-located with the 13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014) Y1 - 2014 A1 - Raghava Mutharaju A1 - Prabhaker Mateti A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Ruben Verborgh ED - Erik Mannens AB -

OWL 2 EL is one of the tractable profiles of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) which has been standardized by the W3C. OWL 2 EL provides suficient expressivity to model large biomedical ontologies as well streaming traffic data. Automated generation of ontologies from streaming data and text can lead to very large ontologies. There is a need to develop scalable reasoning approaches which scale with the size of the ontologies. We briefly describe our distributed reasoner, DistEL along with our experience and lessons learned during its development.

JF - Proceedings of the ISWC Developers Workshop 2014, co-located with the 13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014) PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - Riva del Garda, Italy VL - 1268 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1268/paper18.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - Distributed OWL EL Reasoning: The Story So Far T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Scalable Semantic Web Knowledge Base Systems, Riva Del Garda, Italy Y1 - 2014 A1 - Raghava Mutharaju A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Prabhaker Mateti ED - Thorsten Liebig ED - Achille Fokoue KW - Distributed Reasoning KW - OWL EL KW - Scalability AB -

Automated generation of axioms from streaming data, such as traffic and text, can result in very large ontologies that single machine reasoners cannot handle. Reasoning with large ontologies requires distributed solutions. Scalable reasoning techniques for RDFS, OWL Horst and OWL 2 RL now exist. For OWL 2 EL, several distributed reasoning approaches have been tried, but are all perceived to be inefficient. We analyze this perception. We analyze completion rule based distributed approaches, using different characteristics, such as dependency among the rules, implementation optimizations, how axioms and rules are distributed. We also present a distributed queue approach for the classification of ontologies in description logic EL+ (fragment of OWL 2 EL).

JF - Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Scalable Semantic Web Knowledge Base Systems, Riva Del Garda, Italy PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - Riva del Garda, Italy VL - 1261 ER - TY - CONF T1 - EL-ifying Ontologies T2 - Automated Reasoning - 7th International Joint Conference, IJCAR 2014, Held as Part of the Vienna Summer of Logic, {VSL} 2014, Vienna, Austria, July 19-22, 2014. Proceedings Y1 - 2014 A1 - David Carral A1 - Cristina Feier A1 - Cuenca Grau, Bernardo A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Ian Horrocks KW - description logics KW - OWL KW - Rewriting KW - Tractable Reasoning AB -

The OWL 2 profiles are fragments of the ontology language OWL 2 for which standard reasoning tasks are feasible in polynomial time. Many OWL ontologies, however, contain a typically small number of out-of-profile axioms, which may have little or no influence on reasoning outcomes. We investigate techniques for rewriting axioms into the EL and RL profiles of OWL 2. We have tested our techniques on both classification and data reasoning tasks with encouraging results.

JF - Automated Reasoning - 7th International Joint Conference, IJCAR 2014, Held as Part of the Vienna Summer of Logic, {VSL} 2014, Vienna, Austria, July 19-22, 2014. Proceedings UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08587-6_36 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Enhancing Ocean Research Data Access T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2014 Y1 - 2014 A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Robert Groman A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Molly Allison A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Yu Chen A1 - Peter Fox A1 - David Glover A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Adam Leadbetter A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Patrick West A1 - Peter Wiebe JF - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2014 CY - Vienna, Austria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Five stars of Linked Data vocabulary use JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2014 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Benjamin Adams A1 - Dave Kolas A1 - Charles Vardeman AB - In 2010 Tim Berners-Lee introduced a 5 star rating to his Linked Data design issues page to encourage data publishers along the road to good Linked Data. What makes the star rating so effective is its simplicity, clarity, and a pinch of psychology – is your data 5 star? While there is an abundance of 5 star Linked Data available today, finding, querying, and integrating/interlinking these data is, to say the least, difficult. While the literature has largely focused on describing datasets, e.g., by adding provenance information, or interlinking them, e.g., by co-reference resolution tools, we would like to take Berners-Lee’s original proposal to the next level by introducing a 5 star rating for Linked Data vocabulary use. VL - 5 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-140135 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Logics for the Semantic Web T2 - Handbook of the History of Logic Y1 - 2014 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Jens Lehmann A1 - Axel Polleres ED - Dov. M. Gabbay ED - John Woods ED - Jörg Siekmann JF - Handbook of the History of Logic PB - Elsevier VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Seminar 14381) JF - Dagstuhl Reports Y1 - 2014 A1 - Artur S. d'Avila Garcez A1 - Marco Gori A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Luís C. Lamb VL - 4 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4230/DagRep.4.9.50 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The OceanLink Project T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 15-19 December 2014 Y1 - 2014 A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Suzanne Carbotte A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Timothy Finin A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Lisa Raymond A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Peter Wiebe JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 15-19 December 2014 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The OceanLink project T2 - 2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Big Data 2014, Washington, DC, USA, October 27-30, 2014 Y1 - 2014 A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Suzanne Carbotte A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Lisa Raymond A1 - Peter Wiebe A1 - Timothy Finin ED - Jimmy Lin ED - Jian Pei ED - Xiaohua Hu ED - Wo Chang ED - Raghunath Nambiar ED - Charu Aggarwal ED - Nick Cercone ED - Vasant Honavar ED - Jun Huan ED - Bamshad Mobasher ED - Saumyadipta Pyne AB - Today's scientific investigations are producing large numbers of scholarly products. These products continue to increase in diversity and complexity as researchers recognize that scholarly achievements are not only published articles but also datasets, software, and associated supporting materials. OceanLink is an online platform that addresses scholarly discovery and collaboration in the ocean sciences. The OceanLink project leverages Semantic Web technologies, web mining, and crowdsourcing to identify links between data centers, digital repositories, and professional societies to enhance discovery, enable collaboration, and begin to assess research contribution. JF - 2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Big Data 2014, Washington, DC, USA, October 27-30, 2014 PB - {IEEE} SN - 978-1-4799-5665-4 UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6973861 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Ontology Design Pattern for Cooking Recipes - Classroom Created T2 - Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2014) co-located with the 13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014), Riva del Garda, Italy, October 19, 2014. Y1 - 2014 A1 - Monica Sam A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Cong Wang A1 - John C. Gallagher A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - de Boer, Victor ED - Aldo Gangemi ED - Krzysztof Janowicz ED - Agnieszka Lawrynowicz AB - We present a description and result of an ontology modeling process taken to the classroom. The application domain considered was cooking recipes. The modeling goal was to bridge heterogeneity across representational choices by developing a content ontology design pattern which is general enough to allow for the integration of information from different web sites. We will discuss the pattern developed, and report on corresponding insights and lessons learned. JF - Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2014) co-located with the 13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014), Riva del Garda, Italy, October 19, 2014. PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 1302 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1302 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Ontology Design Pattern for Material Transformation T2 - Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2014) co-located with the 13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014), Riva del Garda, Italy, October 19, 2014. Y1 - 2014 A1 - Charles Vardeman A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Holly Ferguson A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Aimee Buccellato A1 - Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan A1 - Gary Berg-Cross A1 - Torsten Hahmann ED - de Boer, Victor ED - Aldo Gangemi ED - Krzysztof Janowicz ED - Agnieszka Lawrynowicz AB - In this work we discuss an ontology design pattern for material transformations. It models the relation between products, resources, and catalysts in the transformation process. Our axiomatization goes beyond a mere surface semantics. While we focus on the construction domain, the pattern can also be applied to chemistry and other domains. JF - Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2014) co-located with the 13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014), Riva del Garda, Italy, October 19, 2014. PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 1302 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1302 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ontology Design Patterns for Large-Scale Data Interchange and Discovery T2 - 19th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW 2014) Y1 - 2014 A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Krzysztof Janowicz ED - Stefan Schlobach ED - Patrick Lambrix ED - Eero Hyvönen JF - 19th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW 2014) PB - Springer CY - Linköping, Sweden VL - 8876 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ontology Design Patterns for Ocean Science Data Discovery T2 - Spatial reference in the Semantic Web and in Robotics (Dagstuhl Seminar 14142) Y1 - 2014 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Suzanne Carbotte A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Timothy Finin A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Lisa Raymond A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Peter Wiebe ED - Aldo Gangemi ED - Verena V. Hafner ED - Werner Kuhn ED - Simon Scheider ED - Luc Steels JF - Spatial reference in the Semantic Web and in Robotics (Dagstuhl Seminar 14142) VL - 3 IS - 4 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - An Ontology Pattern for Oceanograhic Cruises: Towards an Oceanographer's Dream of Integrated Knowledge Discovery Y1 - 2014 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Suzanne Carbotte A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Timothy Finin A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Lisa Raymond A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Peter Wiebe AB -

EarthCube is a major effort of the National Science Foundation to establish a next-generation knowledge architecture for the broader geosciences. Data storage, retrieval, access, and reuse are central parts of this new effort. Currently, EarthCube is organized around several building blocks and research coordination networks. OceanLink is a semanticsenabled building block that aims at improving data retrieval and reuse via ontologies, Semantic Web technologies, and Linked Data for the ocean sciences. Cruises, in the sense of research expeditions, are central events for ocean scientists. Consequently, information about these cruises and the involved vessels has to be shared and made retrievable. For example, the ability to find cruises in the vicinity of physiographic features of interest, e.g., a hydrothermal vent field or a fracture zone, is of primary interest for oceanographers. In this paper, we use a design pattern-centric strategy to engineer ontologies for OceanLink. We provide a formal axiomatization of the introduced patterns and ontologies using the Web Ontology Language, explain design choices, discuss the re-usability of our models, and provide lessons learned for the future geo-ontologies.

JF - OceanLink Technical Report ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Properties of Property Alignment T2 - Ninth International Workshop on Ontology Matching Y1 - 2014 A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Ninth International Workshop on Ontology Matching CY - Riva del Garda, Italy ER - TY - CONF T1 - Provenance Usage in the OceanLink Project T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 15-19 December 2014. Y1 - 2014 A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Suzanne Carbotte A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Douglas Fils A1 - Timothy Finin A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Matthew Jones A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Kerstin Lehnert A1 - Audrey Mickle A1 - Lisa Raymond A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Peter Wiebe JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 15-19 December 2014. ER - TY - CONF T1 - Pushing the Boundaries of Tractable Ontology Reasoning T2 - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2014 - 13th International Semantic Web Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, October 19-23, 2014. Proceedings, Part II Y1 - 2014 A1 - David Carral A1 - Cristina Feier A1 - Cuenca Grau, Bernardo A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Ian Horrocks KW - description logics KW - OWL KW - Tractable Reasoning AB -

We identify a class of Horn ontologies for which standard reasoning tasks such as instance checking and classification are tractable. The class is general enough to include the OWL 2 EL, QL, and RL profiles. Verifying whether a Horn ontology belongs to the class can be done in polynomial time. We show empirically that the class includes many real-world ontologies that are not included in any OWL 2 profile, and thus that polynomial time reasoning is possible for these ontologies.

JF - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2014 - 13th International Semantic Web Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, October 19-23, 2014. Proceedings, Part II UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11915-1_10 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Reasoning T2 - Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining Y1 - 2014 A1 - Cong Wang A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6170-8_115 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reports on the 2013 AAAI Fall Symposium Series JF - AI Magazine Y1 - 2014 A1 - Gully Burns A1 - Yolanda Gil A1 - Yan Liu A1 - Natalia Villanueva-Rosales A1 - Sebastian Risi A1 - Joel Lehman A1 - Jeff Clune A1 - Christian Lebiere A1 - Paul S. Rosenbloom A1 - Frank van Harmelen A1 - James A. Hendler A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Samarth Swarup VL - 35 UR - http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2538 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Revisiting default description logics – and their role in aligning ontologies T2 - Semantic Technology, 4th Joint International Conference, JIST 2014 Y1 - 2014 A1 - Kunal Sengupta A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz ED - T. Supnithi ED - T. Yamaguchi ED - Jeff Z. Pan ED - V. Wuwongse ED - M. Buranarach KW - default logic KW - defaults KW - description logics KW - Ontology Alignment AB - We present a new approach to extend the Web Ontology Language (OWL) with the capabilities to reason with defaults. This work improves upon the previously established results on integrating defaults with description logics (DLs), which were shown to be decidable only when the application of defaults is restricted to named individuals in the knowledge base. We demonstrate that the application of defaults (integrated with DLs) does not have to be restricted to named individuals to retain decidability and elaborate on the application of defaults in the context of ontology alignment and ontology-based systems. JF - Semantic Technology, 4th Joint International Conference, JIST 2014 PB - Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer CY - Chiang Mai, Thailand VL - 8943 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Semantic Entity Pairing for Improved Data Validation and Discovery T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014 Y1 - 2014 A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Yanning Chen A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Robert Groman A1 - Shannon Rauch AB -

One of the central incentives for linked data implementations is the opportunity to leverage the rich logic inherent in structured data. The logic embedded in semantic models can strengthen capabilities for data discovery and data validation when pairing entities from distinct, contextually-related datasets. The creation of links between the two datasets broadens data discovery by using the semantic logic to help machines compare similar entities and properties that exist on different levels of granularity. This semantic capability enables appropriate entity pairing without making inaccurate assertions as to the nature of the relationship. Entity pairing also provides a context to accurately validate the correctness of an entity's property values - an exercise highly valued by data management practices who seek to ensure the quality and correctness of their data. The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) semantically models metadata surrounding oceanographic researchcruises, but other sources outside of BCO-DMO exist that also model metadata about these same cruises. For BCO-DMO, the process of successfully pairing its entities to these sources begins by selecting sources that are decidedly trustworthy and authoritative for the modeled concepts. In this case, the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) program has a well-respected reputation among the oceanographic research community, presents a data context that is uniquely different and valuable, and semantically models its cruise metadata. Where BCO-DMO exposes the processed, analyzed data products generated by researchers, R2R exposes the raw shipboard data that was collected on the same research cruises. Interlinking these cruise entities expands data discovery capabilities but also allows for validating the contextual correctness of both BCO-DMO's and R2R's cruise metadata. Assessing the potential for a link between two datasets for a similar entity consists of aligning like properties and deciding on the appropriate semantic markup to describe the link. This highlights the desire for research organizations like BCO-DMO and R2R to ensure the complete accuracy of their exposed metadata, as it directly reflects on their reputations as successful and trustworthy source of research data. Therefore, data validation reaches beyond simple syntax of property values into contextual correctness. As a human process, this is a time-intensive task that does not scale well for finite human and funding resources. Therefore, to assess contextual correctness across datasets at different levels of granularity, BCO-DMO is developing a system that employs semantic technologies to aid the human process by organizing potential links and calculating a confidence coefficient as to the correctness of the potential pairing based on the distance between certain entity property values. The system allows humans to quickly scan potential links and their confidence coefficients for asserting persistence and correcting and investigating misaligned entity property values.

JF - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014 VL - 16 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Semantic Web T2 - Computing Handbook, Third Edition: Computer Science and Software Engineering Y1 - 2014 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz ED - Allen Tucker ED - Teofilo Gonzalez ED - Jorge Diaz-Herrera JF - Computing Handbook, Third Edition: Computer Science and Software Engineering PB - Chapman and Hall/CRC VL - I ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semantic Web and Big Data meets Applied Ontology - The Ontology Summit 2014 JF - Applied Ontology Y1 - 2014 A1 - Leo Obrst A1 - Michael Grüninger A1 - Ken Baclawski A1 - Mike Bennett A1 - Dan Brickley A1 - Gary Berg-Cross A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Christine Kapp A1 - Oliver Kutz A1 - Christoph Lange A1 - Anatoly Levenchuk A1 - Francesca Quattri A1 - Alan Rector A1 - Todd Schneider A1 - Simon Spero A1 - Anne Thessen A1 - Marcela Vegetti A1 - Amanda Vizedom A1 - Andrea Westerinen A1 - Matthew West A1 - Peter Yim VL - 9 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/AO-140135 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Using Linked Open Data and Semantic Integration to Search Across Geoscience Repositories. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 15-19 December 2014 Y1 - 2014 A1 - Lisa Raymond A1 - Adam Shepherd A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Suzanne Carbotte A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Douglas Fils A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Matthew Jones A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Kerstin Lehnert A1 - Audrey Mickle A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Peter Wiebe JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 15-19 December 2014 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Web Ontology Language (OWL) T2 - Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining Y1 - 2014 A1 - Kunal Sengupta A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Reda Alhajj ED - Jon Rokna JF - Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining ER - TY - CONF T1 - Is Your Ontology as Hard as You Think? Rewriting Ontologies into Simpler DLs T2 - Informal Proceedings of the 27th International Workshop on Description Logics, Vienna, Austria, July 17-20, 2014. Y1 - 2014 A1 - David Carral A1 - Cristina Feier A1 - Ana Armas Romero A1 - Cuenca Grau, Bernardo A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Ian Horrocks KW - description logics KW - OWL KW - Tractable Reasoning AB -

We investigate cases where an ontology expressed in a seemingly hard DL can be polynomially reduced to one in a simpler logic, while preserving reasoning outcomes for classification and fact entailment. Our transformations target the elimination of inverse roles, universal and existential restrictions, and in the best case allow us to rewrite the given ontology into one of the OWL 2 profiles. Even if an ontology cannot be fully rewritten into a profile, in many cases our transformations allow us to exploit further optimisation techniques. Moreover, the elimination of some out-of-profile axioms can improve the performance of modular reasoners, such as MORe. We have tested our techniques on both classification and data reasoning tasks with encouraging results.

JF - Informal Proceedings of the 27th International Workshop on Description Logics, Vienna, Austria, July 17-20, 2014. UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1193/paper_75.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - Automatic Domain Identification for Linked Open Data T2 - 2013 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence, WI 2013 Y1 - 2013 A1 - Sarasi Lalithsena A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Amit Sheth A1 - Prateek Jain KW - dataset search KW - Domain Identification KW - Linked Open Data Cloud AB -

Linked Open Data (LOD) has emerged as one of the largest collections of interlinked structured datasets on the Web. Although the adoption of such datasets for applications is increasing, identifying relevant datasets for a specific task or topic is still challenging. As an initial step to make such identification easier, we provide an approach to automatically identify the topic domains of given datasets. Our method utilizes existing knowledge sources, more specifically Freebase, and we present an evaluation which validates the topic domains we can identify with our system. Furthermore, we evaluate the effectiveness of identified topic domains for the purpose of finding relevant datasets, thus showing that our approach improves reusability of LOD datasets.

JF - 2013 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence, WI 2013 CY - Atlanta, GA, USA UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WI-IAT.2013.206 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Bridging KR and Machine Learning T2 - Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation Y1 - 2013 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Lise Getoor ED - Natasha Noy ED - Deborah McGuinness JF - Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation CY - Arlington, VA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Bridging open-world knowledge and closed-world data T2 - Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation Y1 - 2013 A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Natasha Noy ED - Deborah McGuinness JF - Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation CY - Arlington, VA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Complexities of Horn Description Logics JF - ACM Trans. Comput. Log. Y1 - 2013 A1 - Markus Krötzsch A1 - Sebastian Rudolph A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - computational complexity KW - description logics KW - Horn logic AB - Description Logics (DLs) have become a prominent paradigm for representing knowledge bases in a variety of application areas. Central to leveraging them for corresponding systems is the provision of a favourable balance between expressivity of the knowledge representation formalism on the one hand, and runtime performance of reasoning algorithms on the other. Due to this, Horn description logics (Horn DLs) have attracted attention since their (worst-case) data complexities are in general lower than their overall (i.e. combined) complexities, which makes them attractive for reasoning with large sets of instance data (ABoxes). However, the natural question whether Horn DLs also provide advantages for schema (TBox) reasoning has hardly been addressed so far. In this paper, we therefore provide a thorough and comprehensive analysis of the combined complexities of Horn DLs. While the combined complexity for many Horn DLs studied herein turns out to be the same as for their non-Horn counterparts, we identify subboolean DLs where Hornness simplifies reasoning. We also provide convenient normal forms for Horn DLs. VL - 14 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2422085.2422087 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Crowdsourcing Semantics for Big Data in Geoscience Applications T2 - Semantics for Big Data: Papers from the AAAI Symposium Y1 - 2013 A1 - Tom Narock A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Frank van Harmelen ED - Jim Hendler ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Krzysztof Janowicz JF - Semantics for Big Data: Papers from the AAAI Symposium CY - Arlington, Virginia ER - TY - CONF T1 - DistEL: A Distributed EL+ Ontology Classifier T2 - Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Scalable Semantic Web Knowledge Base Systems, co-located with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2013) Y1 - 2013 A1 - Raghava Mutharaju A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Prabhaker Mateti ED - Thorsten Liebig ED - Achille Fokoue KW - Classification KW - DistEL KW - Distributed Reasoning KW - EL+ KW - OWL KW - Scalability AB - OWL 2 EL ontologies are used to model and reason over data from diverse domains such as biomedicine, geography and road traffic. Data in these domains is increasing at a rate quicker than the increase in main memory and computation power of a single machine. Recent efforts in OWL reasoning algorithms lead to the decrease in classification time from several hours to a few seconds even for large ontologies like SNOMED CT. This is especially true for ontologies in the description logic EL+ (a fragment of the OWL 2 EL profile). Reasoners such as Pellet, Hermit, ELK etc. make an assumption that the ontology would fit in the main memory, which is unreasonable given projected increase in data volumes. Increase in the data volume also necessitates an increase in the computation power. This lead us to the use of a distributed system, so that memory and computation requirements can be spread across machines. We present a distributed system for the classification of EL+ ontologies along with some results on its scalability and performance. JF - Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Scalable Semantic Web Knowledge Base Systems, co-located with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2013) PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - Sydney, Australia VL - 1046 ER - TY - CONF T1 - D-SPARQ: Distributed, Scalable and Efficient RDF Query Engine T2 - Proceedings of the ISWC 2013 Posters & Demonstrations Track Y1 - 2013 A1 - Raghava Mutharaju A1 - Sherif Sakr A1 - Alessandra Sala A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Eva Blomqvist ED - Tudor Groza KW - D-SPARQ KW - Distributed Querying KW - Scalable RDF querying KW - SPARQL AB -

We present D-SPARQ, a distributed RDF query engine that combines the MapReduce processing framework with a NoSQL distributed data store, MongoDB. The performance of processing SPARQL queries mainly depends on the efficiency of handling the join operations between the RDF triple patterns. Our system features two unique characteristics that enable efficiently tackling this challenge: 1) Identifying specific patterns of the input queries that enable improving the performance by running different parts of the query in a parallel mode. 2) Using the triple selectivity information for reordering the individual triples of the input query within the identified query patterns. The preliminary results demonstrate the scalability and efficiency of our distributed RDF query engine.

JF - Proceedings of the ISWC 2013 Posters & Demonstrations Track PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - Sydney, Australia VL - 1035 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1035/iswc2013_poster_21.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - Editing R2RML Mappings Made Easy T2 - Proceedings of the ISWC 2013 Posters & Demonstrations Track, Sydney, Australia, October 23, 2013 Y1 - 2013 A1 - Kunal Sengupta A1 - Peter Haase A1 - Michael Schmidt A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Eva Blomqvist ED - Tudor Groza JF - Proceedings of the ISWC 2013 Posters & Demonstrations Track, Sydney, Australia, October 23, 2013 PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 1035 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Geo-ontology Design Pattern for Semantic Trajectories T2 - Spatial Information Theory - 11th International Conference, COSIT 2013, Scarborough, UK, September 2-6, 2013. Proceedings Y1 - 2013 A1 - Yingjie Hu A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - David Carral A1 - Simon Scheider A1 - Werner Kuhn A1 - Gary Berg-Cross A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Mike Dean A1 - Dave Kolas KW - Ontology Design Pattern KW - OWL KW - Trajectory AB -

Trajectory data have been used in a variety of studies, including human behavior analysis, transportation management, and wildlife tracking. While each study area introduces a different perspective, they share the need to integrate positioning data with domain-specific information. Semantic annotations are necessary to improve discovery, reuse, and integration of trajectory data from different sources. Consequently, it would be beneficial if the common structure encountered in trajectory data could be annotated based on a shared vocabulary, abstracting from domain-specific aspects. Ontology design patterns are an increasingly popular approach to define such flexible and self-contained building blocks of annotations. They appear more suitable for the annotation of interdisciplinary, multi-thematic, and multi-perspective data than the use of foundational and domain ontologies alone. In this paper, we introduce such an ontology design pattern for semantic trajectories. It was developed as a community effort across multiple disciplines and in a data-driven fashion. We discuss the formalization of the pattern using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and apply the pattern to two different scenarios, personal travel and wildlife monitoring.

JF - Spatial Information Theory - 11th International Conference, COSIT 2013, Scarborough, UK, September 2-6, 2013. Proceedings UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01790-7_24 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Grand Challenge: From Big Data to Knowledge T2 - Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation Y1 - 2013 A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Natasha Noy ED - Deborah McGuinness JF - Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation CY - Arlington, VA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Knowledge Representation in the Big Data Age. T2 - NSF Workshop: Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation Y1 - 2013 A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - NSF Workshop: Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation CY - Arlington, VA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Leveraging Crowdsourcing and Linked Open Data for Geoscience Data Sharing and Discovery T2 - 2013 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Y1 - 2013 A1 - Thomas Narock A1 - Eric A. Rozell A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Robert Arko A1 - Cynthia Chandler A1 - Brian D. Wilson JF - 2013 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting CY - San Francisco, CA, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Lightweight KR T2 - Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation Y1 - 2013 A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Natasha Noy ED - Deborah McGuinness JF - Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation CY - Arlington, VA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linked Data, Big Data, and the 4th Paradigm JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2013 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz AB - It appears to be uncontroversial that Linked Data is part of the Big Data landscape. We even go a bit further and claim that Linked Data is an ideal testbed for researching some key Big Data challenges and to experience the 4th paradigm of science in action. VL - 4 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-130117 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Linked Scientometrics: Designing Interactive Scientometrics with Linked Data and Semantic Web Reasoning T2 - Proceedings of the ISWC 2013 Posters & Demonstrations Track, Sydney, Australia, October 23, 2013 Y1 - 2013 A1 - Grant McKenzie A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Yingjie Hu A1 - Kunal Sengupta A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Eva Blomqvist ED - Tudor Groza JF - Proceedings of the ISWC 2013 Posters & Demonstrations Track, Sydney, Australia, October 23, 2013 PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 1035 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Linked-Data-Driven and Semantically-Enabled Journal Portal for Scientometrics T2 - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2013 - 12th International Semantic Web Conference, Sydney, NSW, Australia, October 21-25, 2013, Proceedings, Part II Y1 - 2013 A1 - Yingjie Hu A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Grant McKenzie A1 - Kunal Sengupta A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Harith Alani ED - Lalana Kagal ED - Achille Fokoue ED - Paul T. Groth ED - Chris Biemann ED - Josiane Xavier Parreira ED - Lora Aroyo ED - Natasha F. Noy ED - Chris Welty ED - Krzysztof Janowicz JF - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2013 - 12th International Semantic Web Conference, Sydney, NSW, Australia, October 21-25, 2013, Proceedings, Part II PB - Springer VL - 8219 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Logical linked data compression T2 - The Semantic Web: Semantics and Big Data.10th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2013, Montpellier, France, May 26-30, 2013. Y1 - 2013 A1 - Joshi, Amit Krishna A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Dong, Guozhu JF - The Semantic Web: Semantics and Big Data.10th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2013, Montpellier, France, May 26-30, 2013. PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The New Manuscript Review System for the Semantic Web Journal JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2013 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Kunal Sengupta VL - 4 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-130095 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Ontology Design Pattern for Cartographic Map Scaling T2 - The Semantic Web: Semantics and Big Data, 10th International Conference, ESWC 2013, Montpellier, France, May 26-30, 2013. Proceedings Y1 - 2013 A1 - David Carral A1 - Simon Scheider A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Charles Vardeman A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Philipp Cimiano ED - Óscar Corcho ED - Valentina Presutti ED - Laura Hollink ED - Sebastian Rudolph KW - Map Scaling KW - Ontology Design Patterns KW - OWL AB -

The concepts of scale is at the core of cartographic abstraction and mapping. It defines which geographic phenomena should be displayed, which type of geometry and map symbol to use, which measures can be taken, as well as the degree to which features need to be exaggerated or spatially displaced. In this work, we present an ontology design pattern for map scaling using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) within a particular extension of the OWL RL profile. We explain how it can be used to describe scaling applications, to reason over scale levels, and geometric representations. We propose an axiomatization that allows us to impose meaningful constraints on the pattern, and, thus, to go beyond simple surface semantics. Interestingly, this includes several functional constraints currently not expressible in any of the OWL profiles. We show that for this specific scenario, the addition of such constraints does not increase the reasoning complexity which remains tractable.

JF - The Semantic Web: Semantics and Big Data, 10th International Conference, ESWC 2013, Montpellier, France, May 26-30, 2013. Proceedings PB - Springer VL - 7882 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38288-8_6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paraconsistent OWL and Related Logics JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2013 A1 - Frederick Maier A1 - Yue Ma A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - Automated Deduction KW - Complexity KW - Description Logic KW - OWL KW - Paraconsistency KW - Semantic Web KW - Web Ontology Language AB - The Web Ontology Language OWL is currently the most prominent formalism for representing ontologies in Semantic Web applications. OWL is based on description logics, and automated reasoners are used to infer knowledge implicitly present in OWL ontologies. However, because typical description logics obey the classical principle of explosion, reasoning over inconsistent ontologies is impossible in OWL. This is so despite the fact that inconsistencies are bound to occur in many realistic cases, e.g., when multiple ontologies are merged or when ontologies are created by machine learning or data mining tools. In this paper, we present four-valued paraconsistent description logics which can reason over inconsistencies. We focus on logics corresponding to OWL DL and its profiles. We present the logic SROIQ4, showing that it is both sound relative to classical SROIQ and that its embedding into SROIQ is consequence preserving. We also examine paraconsistent varieties of EL++, DL-Lite, and Horn-DLs. The general framework described here has the distinct advantage of allowing classical reasoners to draw sound but nontrivial conclusions from even inconsistent knowledge bases. Truth-value gaps and gluts can also be selectively eliminated from models (by inserting additional axioms into knowledge bases). If gaps but not gluts are eliminated, additional classical conclusions can be drawn without affecting paraconsistency. VL - 4 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2012-0066 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'13, at the 23rd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China, August 2013 T2 - Ninth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'13, at the 23rd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Y1 - 2013 ED - Artur S. d'Avila Garcez ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Luís C. Lamb JF - Ninth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'13, at the 23rd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence CY - Beijing, China ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reasoning with Inconsistencies in Hybrid MKNF Knowledge Bases JF - Logic Journal of the IGPL Y1 - 2013 A1 - Shasha Huang A1 - Qingguo Li A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - Data complexity KW - Description logics and rules KW - Knowledge representation KW - Non-monotonic reasoning KW - Paraconsistent reasoning AB - This paper is concerned with the handling of inconsistencies occurring in the combination of description logics and rules, especially in hybrid MKNF knowledge bases. More precisely, we present a paraconsistent semantics for hybrid MKNF knowledge bases (called para-MKNF knowledge bases) based on four-valued logic as proposed by Belnap. We also reduce this paraconsistent semantics to the stable model semantics via a linear transformation operator, which shows the relationship between the two semantics and indicates that the data complexity in our paradigm is not higher than that of classical reasoning. Moreover, we provide fixpoint operators to compute paraconsistent MKNF models, each suitable to different kinds of rules. At last we present the data complexity of instance checking in different paraMKNF knowledge bases. VL - 21 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzs043 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Scale reasoning with fuzzy-EL+ ontologies based on MapReduce T2 - Proceedings of the IJCAI-2013 Workshop on Weighted Logics for Artificial Intelligence (WL4AI 2013) Y1 - 2013 A1 - Zhangquan Zhou A1 - Guilin Qi A1 - Chang Liu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Raghava Mutharaju ED - Lluis Godo ED - Henri Prade ED - Guilin Qi AB -

Fuzzy extension of Description Logics (DLs) allows the formal representation and handling of fuzzy or vague knowledge. In this paper, we consider the problem of reasoning with fuzzy-EL+, which is a fuzzy extension of EL+. We first identify the challenges and present revised completion classification rules for fuzzy-EL+ that can be handled by MapReduce programs. We then propose an algorithm for scale reasoning with fuzzy-EL+ ontologies using MapReduce. Some preliminary experimental results are provided to show the scalability of our algorithm.

JF - Proceedings of the IJCAI-2013 Workshop on Weighted Logics for Artificial Intelligence (WL4AI 2013) CY - Beijing, China ER - TY - Generic T1 - Semantics for Big Data: Papers from the AAAI Symposium, November 15-17, 2013, Arlington, Virginia T2 - AAAI Symposium on Semantics for Big Data Y1 - 2013 ED - Frank van Harmelen ED - James A. Hendler ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Krzysztof Janowicz JF - AAAI Symposium on Semantics for Big Data CY - Arlington, Virginia, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - SROIQ Syntax Approximation by Using Nominal Schemas T2 - Informal Proceedings of the 26th International Workshop on Description Logics, Ulm, Germany, July 23 - 26, 2013 Y1 - 2013 A1 - Cong Wang A1 - David Carral A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Informal Proceedings of the 26th International Workshop on Description Logics, Ulm, Germany, July 23 - 26, 2013 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1014/paper_31.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - String Similarity Metrics for Ontology Alignment T2 - International Semantic Web Conference Y1 - 2013 A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

 

JF - International Semantic Web Conference PB - Springer CY - Sydney, Australia ER - TY - CONF T1 - StringsAuto and MapSSS Results for OAEI 2013 T2 - 8th International Workshop on Ontology Matching Y1 - 2013 A1 - Michelle Cheatham A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - 8th International Workshop on Ontology Matching CY - Sydney, Australia ER - TY - RPRT T1 - There’s No Money in Linked Data Y1 - 2013 A1 - Prateek Jain A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Chitra Venkatramani AB -

Linked Data (LD) has been an active research area for more than 6 years and many aspects about publishing, retrieving, linking, and cleaning Linked Data have been investigated. There seems to be a broad and general agreement that in principle LD datasets can be very useful for solving a wide variety of problems ranging from practical industrial analytics to highly specific research problems. Having these notions in mind, we started exploring the use of notable LD datasets such as DBpedia, Freebase, Geonames and others for a commercial application. However, it turns out that using these datasets in realistic settings is not always easy. Surprisingly, in many cases the underlying issues are not technical but legal barriers erected by the LD data publishers. In this paper we argue that these barriers are often not justified, detrimental to both data publishers and users, and are often built without much consideration of their consequences.

PB - DaSe Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Wright State University CY - Dayton, OH, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Thoughts on the Complex Relation Between Linked Data, Semantic Annotations, and Ontologies T2 - ESAIR'13, Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Exploiting Semantic Annotations in Information Retrieval, co-located with {CIKM} 2013, San Francisco, CA, USA, October 28, 2013 Y1 - 2013 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Paul N. Bennett ED - Evgeniy Gabrilovich ED - Jaap Kamps ED - Jussi Karlgren AB - The relation between data, annotations, and schemata seems straightforward at first: Data are annotated with additional meta information according to some schemata in order to expose additional non-intrinsic characteristics relevant to the meaningful interpretation of said data. However, on closer examination, things are not as simple. Focusing on geo-information retrieval, we will try to disentangle the aforementioned relations. We will report from our own experience and from observations gathered by editing papers about ontologies and Linked Data for the Semantic Web journal. JF - ESAIR'13, Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Exploiting Semantic Annotations in Information Retrieval, co-located with {CIKM} 2013, San Francisco, CA, USA, October 28, 2013 PB - ACM CY - San Francisco, CA UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2513204.2513218 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards an Efficient Algorithm to Reason over Description Logics Extended with Nominal Schemas T2 - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 7th International Conference, {RR} 2013, Mannheim, Germany, July 27-29, 2013. Proceedings Y1 - 2013 A1 - David Carral A1 - Cong Wang A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - description logics KW - EL++ KW - Nominal Schemas AB -

Extending description logics with so-called nominal schemas has been shown to be a major step towards integrating description logics with rules paradigms. However, establishing efficient algorithms for reasoning with nominal schemas has so far been a challenge. In this paper, we present an algorithm to reason with the description logic fragment ELROVn, a fragment that extends EL++ with nominal schemas. We also report on an implementation and experimental evaluation of the algorithm, which shows that our approach is indeed rather efficient.

JF - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 7th International Conference, {RR} 2013, Mannheim, Germany, July 27-29, 2013. Proceedings UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39666-3_6 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - 语义Web技术基础 Y1 - 2013 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Markus Krötzsch A1 - Sebastian Rudolph PB - Tsinghua University Press ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Alignment-based querying of linked open data T2 - On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 Y1 - 2012 A1 - Joshi, Amit Krishna A1 - Prateek Jain A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Peter Z. Yeh A1 - Kunal Verma A1 - Amit Sheth A1 - Mariana Damova JF - On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive Approaches for the Semantic Web (Dagstuhl Seminar 12221) JF - Dagstuhl Reports Y1 - 2012 A1 - Dedre Gentner A1 - Frank van Harmelen A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Kai-Uwe Kühnberger VL - 2 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4230/DagRep.2.5.93 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Consequence-Based Procedure for Description Logics with Self-Restriction T2 - Semantic Web and Web Science - 6th Chinese Semantic Web Symposium and 1st Chinese Web Science Conference, CSWS 2012, Shenzhen, China, November 28-30, 2012. Y1 - 2012 A1 - Cong Wang A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Semantic Web and Web Science - 6th Chinese Semantic Web Symposium and 1st Chinese Web Science Conference, CSWS 2012, Shenzhen, China, November 28-30, 2012. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6880-6_15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Digital Earth as Knowledge Engine JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2012 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB - The Digital Earth aims at developing a digital representation of the planet. It is motivated by the need for integrating and interlinking vast geo-referenced, multi-thematic, and multi-perspective knowledge archives that cut through domain boundaries. Complex scientific questions cannot be answered from within one domain alone but span over multiple scientific disciplines. For instance, studying disease dynamics for prediction and policy making requires data and models from a diverse body of science ranging from medical science and epidemiology over geography and economics to mining the social Web. The naive assumption that such problems can simply be addressed by more data with a higher spatial, temporal, and thematic resolution fails as long as this more on data is not supported by more knowledge on how to combine and interpret the data. This makes semantic interoperability a core research topic of data-intensive science. While the Digital Earth vision includes processing services, it is, at its very core, a data archive and infrastructure. We propose to redefine the Digital Earth as a knowledge engine and discuss what the Semantic Web has to offer in this context and to Big Data in general. VL - 3 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2012-0070 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Extending Description Logic Rules T2 - The Semantic Web: Research and Applications - 9th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2012, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 27-31, 2012. Proceedings Y1 - 2012 A1 - David Carral A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - description logics KW - OWL KW - Rules AB -

Description Logics – the logics underpinning the Web Ontology Language OWL – and rules are currently the most prominent paradigms used for modeling knowledge for the Semantic Web. While both of these approaches are based on classical logic, the paradigms also differ significantly, so that naive combinations result in undesirable properties such as undecidability. Recent work has shown that many rules can in fact be expressed in OWL. In this paper we extend this work to include some types of rules previously excluded. We formally define a set of first order logic rules, C-Rules, which can be expressed within OWL extended with role conjunction. We also show that the use of nominal schemas results in even broader coverage.

JF - The Semantic Web: Research and Applications - 9th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2012, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 27-31, 2012. Proceedings UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30284-8_30 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Integrating OWL and Rules: A Syntax Proposal for Nominal Schemas T2 - Proceedings of OWL: Experiences and Directions Workshop 2012, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 27-28, 2012 Y1 - 2012 A1 - David Carral A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Pavel Klinov ED - Matthew Horridge AB - This paper proposes an addition to OWL 2 syntax to incorporate nominal schemas, which is a new description-logic style extension of OWL 2 which was recently proposed, and which makes is possible to express “variable nominal classes” within axioms in an OWL 2 ontology. Nominal schemas make it possible to express DL-safe rules of arbitrary arity within the extended OWL paradigm, hence covering the well-known DL-safe SWRL language. To express this feature, we extend OWL 2 syntax to include necessary and minimal modifications to both Functional and Manchester syntax grammars and mappings from these two syntaxes to Turtle/RDF. We also include several examples to clarify the proposal. JF - Proceedings of OWL: Experiences and Directions Workshop 2012, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 27-28, 2012 PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 849 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-849/paper_6.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - Key Ingredients For Your Next Semantics Elevator Talk T2 - Advances in Conceptual Modeling - {ER} 2012 Workshops CMS, ECDM-NoCoDA, MoDIC, MORE-BI, RIGiM, SeCoGIS, WISM, Florence, Italy, October 15-18, 2012. Proceedings Y1 - 2012 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Silvana Castano ED - Panos Vassiliadis ED - Laks V. S. Lakshmanan ED - Mong-Li Lee AB -

2012 brought a major change to the semantics research community. Discussions on the use and benefits of semantic technologies are shifting away from the why to the how. Surprisingly this more in stakeholder interest is not accompanied by a more detailed understanding of what semantics research is about. Instead of blaming others for their (wrong) expectations, we need to learn how to emphasize the paradigm shift proposed by semantics research while abstracting from technical details and advocate the added value in a way that relates to the immediate needs of individual stakeholders without overselling. This paper highlights some of the major ingredients to prepare your next Semantics Elevator Talk.

JF - Advances in Conceptual Modeling - {ER} 2012 Workshops CMS, ECDM-NoCoDA, MoDIC, MORE-BI, RIGiM, SeCoGIS, WISM, Florence, Italy, October 15-18, 2012. Proceedings PB - Springer CY - Florence, Italy VL - 7518 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33999-8_27 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A logical geo-ontology design pattern for quantifying over types T2 - SIGSPATIAL 2012 International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (formerly known as GIS), SIGSPATIAL'12, Redondo Beach, CA, USA, November 7-9, 2012 Y1 - 2012 A1 - David Carral A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - Biodiversity KW - description logics KW - Ontology Design Patterns KW - OWL JF - SIGSPATIAL 2012 International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (formerly known as GIS), SIGSPATIAL'12, Redondo Beach, CA, USA, November 7-9, 2012 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2424321.2424352 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Moving beyond SameAs with PLATO: Partonomy detection for Linked Data T2 - 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media, HT '12 Y1 - 2012 A1 - Prateek Jain A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Kunal Verma A1 - Peter Z. Yeh A1 - Amit Sheth ED - Ethan V. Munson ED - Markus Strohmaier KW - Linked Open Data Cloud KW - Mereology KW - Part of Relation AB -

The Linked Open Data (LOD) Cloud has gained significant traction over the past few years. With over 275 interlinked datasets across diverse domains such as life science, geography, politics, and more, the LOD Cloud has the potential to support a variety of applications ranging from open domain question answering to drug discovery.

Despite its significant size (approx. 30 billion triples), the data is relatively sparely interlinked (approx. 400 million links). A semantically richer LOD Cloud is needed to fully realize its potential. Data in the LOD Cloud are currently interlinked mainly via the owl:sameAs property, which is inadequate for many applications. Additional properties capturing relations based on causality or partonomy are needed to enable the answering of complex questions and to support applications.

In this paper, we present a solution to enrich the LOD Cloud by automatically detecting partonomic relationships, which are well-established, fundamental properties grounded in linguistics and philosophy. We empirically evaluate our solution across several domains, and show that our approach performs well on detecting partonomic properties between LOD Cloud data.

JF - 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media, HT '12 PB - ACM CY - Milwaukee, WI, USA UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2309996.2310004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Open and transparent: the review process of the Semantic Web journal JF - Learned Publishing Y1 - 2012 A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

While open access is established in the world of academic publishing, open reviews are rare. The Semantic Web journal goes further than just open review by implementing an open and transparent review process in which reviews are publicly available, the assigned editors and reviewers are known by name, and are published together with accepted manuscripts. In this article we introduce the steps to realize such a process from the conceptual design, over the implementation, a overview of the results so far, and up to lessons learned.

VL - 25 IS - 1 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: Primer (Second Edition) Y1 - 2012 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Markus Krötzsch A1 - Bijan Parsia A1 - Peter F. Patel-Schneider A1 - Sebastian Rudolph UR - http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-primer ER - TY - Generic T1 - Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'12, at the 26th Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-12, Toronto, Canada, July 2012 T2 - Eighth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'12, at the 26th Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-12 Y1 - 2012 ED - Artur S. d'Avila Garcez ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Luís C. Lamb JF - Eighth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'12, at the 26th Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-12 CY - Toronto, Canada ER - TY - Generic T1 - Reasoning Approaches for Nominal Schemas Y1 - 2012 A1 - Cong Wang A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - David Carral A1 - Pascal Hitzler PB - JIST CY - Nara, Japan VL - Poster and Demonstration Proceedings ER - TY - CONF T1 - Reasoning with Fuzzy-EL+ Ontologies Using MapReduce T2 - ECAI 2012 - 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Including Prestigious Applications of Artificial Intelligence (PAIS-2012) System Demonstrations Track Y1 - 2012 A1 - Zhangquan Zhou A1 - Guilin Qi A1 - Chang Liu A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Raghava Mutharaju ED - Luc De Raedt ED - Christian Bessière ED - Didier Dubois ED - Patrick Doherty ED - Paolo Frasconi ED - Fredrik Heintz ED - Peter J. F. Lucas AB -

Fuzzy extension of Description Logics (DLs) allows the formal representation and handling of fuzzy knowledge. In this paper, we consider fuzzy-EL+, which is a fuzzy extension of EL+. We first present revised completion rules for fuzzy-EL+ that can be handled by MapReduce programs. We then propose an algorithm for scale reasoning with fuzzy-EL+ ontologies based on MapReduce.

JF - ECAI 2012 - 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Including Prestigious Applications of Artificial Intelligence (PAIS-2012) System Demonstrations Track PB - IOS Press CY - Montpellier, France VL - 242 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-098-7-933 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Recent Advances in Integrating OWL and Rules T2 - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 6th International Conference, RR 2012, Vienna, Austria, September 10-12, 2012. Proceedings Y1 - 2012 A1 - Matthias Knorr A1 - David Carral A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Frederick Maier A1 - Cong Wang ED - Markus Krötzsch ED - Umberto Straccia KW - description logics KW - OWL KW - Rules AB - As part of the quest for a unifying logic for the Semantic Web Technology Stack, a central issue is finding suitable ways of integrating description logics based on the Web Ontology Language (OWL) with rule-based approaches based on logic programming. Such integration is difficult since naive approaches typically result in the violation of one or more desirable design principles. For example, while both OWL 2 DL and RIF Core (a dialect of the Rule Interchange Format RIF) are decidable, their naive union is not, unless carefully chosen syntactic restrictions are applied. We report on recent advances and ongoing work by the authors in integrating OWL and rulesWe take an OWL-centric perspective, which means that we take OWL 2 DL as a starting point and pursue the question of how features of rulebased formalisms can be added without jeopardizing decidability. We also report on incorporating the closed world assumption and on reasoning algorithms. This paper essentially serves as an entry point to the original papers, to which we will refer throughout, where detailed expositions of the results can be found. JF - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 6th International Conference, RR 2012, Vienna, Austria, September 10-12, 2012. Proceedings PB - Springer CY - Austria, Vienna VL - 7497 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33203-6_20 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Reconciling OWL and Non-monotonic Rules for the Semantic Web T2 - ECAI 2012 - 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Including Prestigious Applications of Artificial Intelligence (PAIS-2012) System Demonstrations Track Y1 - 2012 A1 - Matthias Knorr A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Frederick Maier ED - Luc De Raedt ED - Christian Bessière ED - Didier Dubois ED - Patrick Doherty ED - Paolo Frasconi ED - Fredrik Heintz ED - Peter J. F. Lucas AB -

We propose a description logic extending SROIQ (the description logic underlying OWL 2 DL) and at the same time encompassing some of the most prominent monotonic and nonmonotonic rule languages, in particular Datalog extended with the answer set semantics. Our proposal could be considered a substantial contribution towards fulfilling the quest for a unifying logic for the Semantic Web. As a case in point, two non-monotonic extensions of description logics considered to be of distinct expressiveness until now are covered in our proposal. In contrast to earlier such proposals, our language has the “look and feel” of a description logic and avoids hybrid or first-order syntaxes.

JF - ECAI 2012 - 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Including Prestigious Applications of Artificial Intelligence (PAIS-2012) System Demonstrations Track PB - IOS Press CY - Montpellier, France VL - 242 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-098-7-474 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reports of the AAAI 2012 Conference Workshops JF - AI Magazine Y1 - 2012 A1 - Vikas Agrawal A1 - Jorge Baier A1 - Kostas E. Bekris A1 - Yiling Chen A1 - Artur S. d'Avila Garcez A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Patrik Haslum A1 - Dietmar Jannach A1 - Edith Law A1 - Freddy Lécué A1 - Luís C. Lamb A1 - Cynthia Matuszek A1 - Héctor Palacios A1 - Biplav Srivastava A1 - Lokendra Shastri A1 - Nathan R. Sturtevant A1 - Roni Stern A1 - Stefanie Tellex A1 - Stavros Vassos VL - 33 UR - http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2444 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reports of the AAAI 2012 Conference Workshops JF - AI Magazine Y1 - 2012 A1 - Vikas Agrawal A1 - Jorge Baier A1 - Kostas E. Bekris A1 - Yiling Chen A1 - Artur S. d'Avila Garcez A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Patrik Haslum A1 - Dietmar Jannach A1 - Edith Law A1 - Freddy Lécué A1 - Luís C. Lamb A1 - Cynthia Matuszek A1 - Héctor Palacios A1 - Biplav Srivastava A1 - Lokendra Shastri A1 - Nathan R. Sturtevant A1 - Roni Stern A1 - Stefanie Tellex A1 - Stavros Vassos VL - 33 UR - http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2444 IS - 4 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Resolution Procedure for Description Logics with Nominal Schemas T2 - Semantic Technology, Second Joint International Conference, JIST 2012, Nara, Japan, December 2-4, 2012. Proceedings Y1 - 2012 A1 - Cong Wang A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Semantic Technology, Second Joint International Conference, JIST 2012, Nara, Japan, December 2-4, 2012. Proceedings UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37996-3_1 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Semantic Aspects of EarthCube Y1 - 2012 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Gary Berg-Cross A1 - Leo Obrst A1 - Amit Sheth A1 - Timothy Finin A1 - Isabel Cruz AB -

In this document, we give a high-level overview of selected Semantic (Web) technologies, methods, and other important considerations, that are relevant for the success of EarthCube. The goal of this initial document is to provide entry points and references for discussions between the Semantic Technologies experts and the domain experts within EarthCube. The selected topics are intended to ground the EarthCube roadmap in the state of the art in semantics research and ontology engineering.

We anticipate that this document will evolve as EarthCube progresses. Indeed, all EarthCube parties are asked to provide topics of importance that should be treated in future versions of this document.

JF - EarthCube report of the Technology Subcommittee of the EarthCube Semantics and Ontologies Group ER - TY - CONF T1 - Semantics and Ontologies for EarthCube T2 - Workshop on GIScience in the Big Data Age, In conjunction with the seventh International Conference on Geographic Information Science 2012 (GIScience 2012) Y1 - 2012 A1 - Gary Berg-Cross A1 - Isabel Cruz A1 - Mike Dean A1 - Tim Finin A1 - Mark Gahegan A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Hook Hua A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz A1 - Naicong Li A1 - Philip Murphy A1 - Bryce Nordgren A1 - Leo Obrst A1 - Mark Schildhauer A1 - Amit Sheth A1 - Krishna Sinha A1 - Anne Thessen A1 - Nancy Wiegand A1 - Ilya Zaslavsky ED - Krzysztof Janowicz ED - C. Kessler ED - T. Kauppinen ED - Dave Kolas ED - Simon Scheider AB -

Semantic technologies and ontologies play an increasing role in scientific workflow systems and knowledge infrastructures. While ontologies are mostly used for the semantic annotation of metadata, semantic technologies enable searching metadata catalogs beyond simple keywords, with some early evidence of semantics used for data translation. However, the next generation of distributed and interdisciplinary knowledge infrastructures will require capabilities beyond simple subsumption reasoning over subclass relations. In this work, we report from the EarthCube Semantics Community by highlighting which role semantics and ontologies should play in the EarthCube knowledge infrastructure. We target the interested domain scientist and, thus, introduce the value proposition of semantic technologies in a non-technical language. Finally, we commit ourselves to some guiding principles for the successful implementation and application of semantic technologies and ontologies within EarthCube.

JF - Workshop on GIScience in the Big Data Age, In conjunction with the seventh International Conference on Geographic Information Science 2012 (GIScience 2012) CY - Columbus, Ohio, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Tableau Algorithm for Description Logics with Nominal Schemas T2 - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, 6th International Conference, RR2012, Vienna, Austria, September 10-12, 2012, Proceedings Y1 - 2012 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Markus Krötzsch ED - Umberto Straccia AB -

We present a tableau algorithm for the description logic ALCOV. This description logic is obtained by extending the description logic ALCO with the expressive nominal schema construct that enables DL-safe datalog with predicates of arbitrary arity to be covered within the description logic framework. The tableau algorithm provides a basis to implement a delayed grounding strategy which was not facilitated by earlier versions of decision procedures for satisfiability in expressive description logics with nominal schemas.

JF - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, 6th International Conference, RR2012, Vienna, Austria, September 10-12, 2012, Proceedings PB - Springer VL - 7497 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards logical linked data compression T2 - Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Large and Heterogeneous Data and Quantitative Formalization in the Semantic Web, LHD+ SemQuant2012, at the 11th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC2012 Y1 - 2012 A1 - Joshi, Amit Krishna A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Dong, Guozhu JF - Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Large and Heterogeneous Data and Quantitative Formalization in the Semantic Web, LHD+ SemQuant2012, at the 11th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC2012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Type-Elimination-Based Reasoning for the Description Logic SHIQbs using Decision Diagrams and Disjunctive Datalog JF - Logical Methods in Computer Science Y1 - 2012 A1 - Sebastian Rudolph A1 - Markus Krötzsch A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - datalog KW - decision diagrams KW - description logics KW - type elimination AB - We propose a novel, type-elimination-based method for standard reasoning in the description logic SHIQbs extended by DL-safe rules. To this end, we first establish a knowledge compilation method converting the terminological part of an ALCIb knowledge base into an ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) that represents a canonical model. This OBDD can in turn be transformed into disjunctive Datalog and merged with the assertional part of the knowledge base in order to perform combined reasoning. In order to leverage our technique for full SHIQbs, we provide a stepwise reduction from SHIQbs to ALCIb that preserves satisfiability and entailment of positive and negative ground facts. The proposed technique is shown to be worst-case optimal w.r.t. combined and data complexity. VL - 8 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2168/LMCS-8(1:12)2012 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Better Uncle for OWL: Nominal Schemas for Integrating Rules and Ontologies T2 - Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2011, Hyderabad, India, March 28 - April 1, 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Markus Krötzsch A1 - Frederick Maier A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Sadagopan Srinivasan ED - Krithi Ramamritham ED - Arun Kumar ED - M. P. Ravindra ED - Elisa Bertino ED - Ravi Kumar KW - datalog KW - Description Logic KW - Semantic Web Rule Language KW - SROIQ KW - tractability KW - Web Ontology Language AB - We propose a description-logic style extension of OWL 2 with nominal schemas which can be used like "variable nominal classes" within axioms. This feature allows ontology languages to express arbitrary DL-safe rules (as expressible in SWRL or RIF) in their native syntax. We show that adding nominal schemas to OWL 2 does not increase the worst-case reasoning complexity, and we identify a novel tractable language SROELV3(\cap, x) that is versatile enough to capture the lightweight languages OWL EL and OWL RL. JF - Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2011, Hyderabad, India, March 28 - April 1, 2011 PB - ACM SN - 978-1-4503-0632-4 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1963405.1963496 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computing Inconsistency Measure based on Paraconsistent Semantics JF - Journal of Logic and Computation Y1 - 2011 A1 - Yue Ma A1 - Guilin Qi A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

Measuring inconsistency in knowledge bases has been recognized as an important problem in several research areas. Many methods have been proposed to solve this problem and a main class of them is based on some kind of paraconsistent semantics. However, existing methods suffer from two limitations: 1) They are mostly restricted to propositional knowledge bases; 2) Very few of them discuss computational aspects of computing inconsistency measures. In this paper, we try to solve these two limitations by exploring algorithms for computing an inconsistency measure of first-order knowledge bases. After introducing a four-valued semantics for first-order logic, we define an inconsistency measure of a first-order knowledge base, which is a sequence of inconsistency degrees. We then propose a precise algorithm to compute our inconsistency measure. We show that this algorithm reduces the computation of the inconsistency measure to classical satisfiability checking. This is done by introducing a new semantics, named S[n]-4 semantics, which can be calculated by invoking a classical SAT solver. Moreover, we show that this auxiliary semantics also gives a direct way to compute upper and lower bounds of inconsistency degrees. That is, it can be easily revised to compute approximating inconsistency measures. The approximating inconsistency measures converge to the precise values if enough resources are available. Finally, by some nice properties of the S[n]-4 semantics, we show that some upper and lower bounds can be computed in P-time, which says that the problem of computing these approximating inconsistency measures is tractable.

VL - 21 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exq053 IS - 6 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Contextual Ontology Alignment of LOD with an Upper Ontology: A Case Study with Proton T2 - The Semantic Web: Research and Applications - 8th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Prateek Jain A1 - Peter Z. Yeh A1 - Kunal Verma A1 - Reymonrod G. Vasquez A1 - Mariana Damova A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Amit Sheth ED - Grigoris Antoniou ED - Marko Grobelnik ED - Elena Paslaru Bontas Simperl ED - Bijan Parsia ED - Dimitris Plexousakis ED - Pieter De Leenheer ED - Jeff Z. Pan AB -

The Linked Open Data (LOD) is a major milestone towards realizing the Semantic Web vision, and can enable applications such as robust Question Answering (QA) systems that can answer queries requiring multiple, disparate information sources. However, realizing these applications requires relationships at both the schema and instance level, but currently the LOD only provides relationships for the latter. To address this limitation, we present a solution for automatically finding schema-level links between two LOD ontologies – in the sense of ontology alignment. Our solution, called BLOOMS+, extends our previous solution (i.e. BLOOMS) in two significant ways. BLOOMS+ 1) uses a more sophisticated metric to determine which classes between two ontologies to align, and 2) considers contextual information to further support (or reject) an alignment. We present a comprehensive evaluation of our solution using schema-level mappings from LOD ontologies to Proton (an upper level ontology) – created manually by human experts for a real world application called FactForge. We show that our solution performed well on this task. We also show that our solution significantly outperformed existing ontology alignment solutions (including our previously published work on BLOOMS) on this same task.

JF - The Semantic Web: Research and Applications - 8th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2011 PB - Springer CY - Heraklion, Crete, Greece VL - 6643 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21034-1_6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local Closed World Reasoning with Description Logics under the Well-Founded Semantics JF - Artificial Intelligence Y1 - 2011 A1 - Matthias Knorr A1 - José Júlio Alferes A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - Description Logic KW - Knowledge representation KW - Logic Programming KW - Non-monotonic reasoning KW - Ontologies KW - Semantic Web AB -

An important question for the upcoming Semantic Web is how to best combine open world ontology languages, such as the OWL-based ones, with closed world rule-based languages. One of the most mature proposals for this combination is known as hybrid MKNF knowledge bases [52], and it is based on an adaptation of the Stable Model Semantics to knowledge bases consisting of ontology axioms and rules. In this paper we propose a well-founded semantics for nondisjunctive hybrid MKNF knowledge bases that promises to provide better efficiency of reasoning, and that is compatible with both the OWL-based semantics and the traditional Well-Founded Semantics for logic programs. Moreover, our proposal allows for the detection of inconsistencies, possibly occurring in tightly integrated ontology axioms and rules, with only little additional effort. We also identify tractable fragments of the resulting language.

VL - 175 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2011.01.007 IS - 9-10 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Local Closed World Semantics: Grounded Circumscription for Description Logics T2 - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 5th International Conference, RR 2011, Galway, Ireland, August 29-30, 2011. Proceedings Y1 - 2011 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Kunal Sengupta A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Sebastian Rudolph ED - Claudio Gutierrez AB - We present an improved local closed world extension for description logics. It is based on circumscription, and deviates from previous circumscriptive description logics in that extensions of minimized predicates may contain only extensions of named individuals in the knowledge base. Besides an (arguably) higher intuitive appeal, the improved semantics is applicable to expressive description logics without loss of decidability. JF - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 5th International Conference, RR 2011, Galway, Ireland, August 29-30, 2011. Proceedings PB - Springer VL - 6902 SN - 978-3-642-23579-5 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23580-1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Local Closed World Semantics: Grounded Circumscription for OWL T2 - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2011 - 10th International Semantic Web Conference, Bonn, Germany, October 23-27, 2011, Proceedings, Part I Y1 - 2011 A1 - Kunal Sengupta A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Lora Aroyo ED - Chris Welty ED - Harith Alani ED - Jamie Taylor ED - Abraham Bernstein ED - Lalana Kagal ED - Natasha F. Noy ED - Eva Blomqvist AB - We present a new approach to adding closed world reasoning to the Web Ontology Language OWL. It transcends previous work on circumscriptive description logics which had the drawback of yielding an undecidable logic unless severe restrictions were imposed. In particular, it was not possible, in general, to apply local closure to roles. In this paper, we provide a new approach, called grounded circumscription, which is applicable to SROIQ and other description logics around OWL without these restrictions. We show that the resulting language is decidable, and we derive an upper complexity bound. We also provide a decision procedure in the form of a tableaux algorithm. JF - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2011 - 10th International Semantic Web Conference, Bonn, Germany, October 23-27, 2011, Proceedings, Part I PB - Springer VL - 7031 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Local Closed World Semantics: Keep it simple, stupid! T2 - Proceedings of the 24th International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2011), Barcelona, Spain, July 13-16, 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Kunal Sengupta A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Riccardo Rosati ED - Sebastian Rudolph ED - Michael Zakharyaschev KW - circumscription KW - closed world KW - decidability KW - Description Logic AB - A combination of open and closed-world reasoning (usually called local closed world reasoning) is a desirable capability of knowledge representation formalisms for Semantic Web applications. However, none of the proposals made to date for extending description logics with local closed world capabilities has had any significant impact on applications. We believe that one of the key reasons for this is that current proposals fail to provide approaches which are intuitively accessible for application developers and at the same time are applicable, as extensions, to expressive description logics such as SROIQ, which underlies the Web Ontology Language OWL. In this paper we propose a new approach which overcomes key limitations of other major proposals made to date. It is based on an adaptation of circumscriptive description logics which, in contrast to previously reported circumscription proposals, is applicable to SROIQ without rendering reasoning over the resulting language undecidable. JF - Proceedings of the 24th International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2011), Barcelona, Spain, July 13-16, 2011 PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 745 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-745/paper_12.pdf ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Logik und Logikprogrammierung Band 2: Aufgaben und Lösungen Y1 - 2011 A1 - Steffen Hölldobler A1 - Sebastian Bader A1 - Bertram Fronhöfer A1 - Ursula Hans A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Markus Krötzsch A1 - Tobias Pietzsch PB - Synchron Verlag CY - Heidelberg, Germany ER - TY - Generic T1 - On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2011. Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA-SVI, and ODBASE 2011, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, October 17-21, 2011, Proceedings, Part II T2 - Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA-SVI, and ODBASE 2011 Y1 - 2011 ED - Robert Meersman ED - Tharam S. Dillon ED - Pilar Herrero ED - Akhil Kumar ED - Manfred Reichert ED - Li Qing ED - Beng Chin Ooi ED - Ernesto Damiani ED - Douglas C. Schmidt ED - Jules White ED - Manfred Hauswirth ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Mukesh K. Mohania JF - Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA-SVI, and ODBASE 2011 PB - Springer CY - Hersonissos, Crete, Greece VL - 7045 ER - TY - Generic T1 - On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2011. Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA-SVI, and ODBASE 2011, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, October 17-21, 2011, Proceedings, Part I T2 - Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA-SVI, and ODBASE 2011 Y1 - 2011 ED - Robert Meersman ED - Tharam S. Dillon ED - Pilar Herrero ED - Akhil Kumar ED - Manfred Reichert ED - Li Qing ED - Beng Chin Ooi ED - Ernesto Damiani ED - Douglas C. Schmidt ED - Jules White ED - Manfred Hauswirth ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Mukesh K. Mohania JF - Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA-SVI, and ODBASE 2011 PB - Springer CY - Hersonissos, Crete, Greece VL - 7044 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Nominal Schemas for Integrating Rules and Description Logics T2 - Proceedings of the 24th International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2011), Barcelona, Spain, July 13-16, 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Markus Krötzsch A1 - Frederick Maier A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Riccardo Rosati ED - Sebastian Rudolph ED - Michael Zakharyaschev AB - We propose an extension of SROIQ with nominal schemas which can be used like “variable nominal concepts” within axioms. This feature allows us to express arbitrary DL-safe rules in description logic syntax. We show that adding nominal schemas to SROIQ does not increase its worst-case reasoning complexity, and we identify a family of tractable DLs SROELVn that allow for restricted use of nominal schemas. JF - Proceedings of the 24th International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2011), Barcelona, Spain, July 13-16, 2011 PB - CEUR-WS.org VL - 745 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-745/paper_39.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - OWL and Rules T2 - Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for the Web of Data - 7th International Summer School 2011, Galway, Ireland, August 23-27, 2011, Tutorial Lectures Y1 - 2011 A1 - Adila Krisnadhi A1 - Frederick Maier A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Axel Polleres ED - Claudia d'Amato ED - Marcelo Arenas ED - Siegfried Handschuh ED - Paula Kroner ED - Sascha Ossowski ED - Peter F. Patel-Schneider AB - The relationship between the Web Ontology Language OWL and rule-based formalisms has been the subject of many discussions and research investigations, some of them controversial. From the many attempts to reconcile the two paradigms, we present some of the newest developments. More precisely, we show which kind of rules can be modeled in the current version of OWL, and we show how OWL can be extended to incorporate rules. We finally give references to a large body of work on rules and OWL. JF - Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for the Web of Data - 7th International Summer School 2011, Galway, Ireland, August 23-27, 2011, Tutorial Lectures PB - Springer VL - 6848 SN - 978-3-642-23031-8 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23032-5 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Paraconsistent Semantics for Hybrid MKNF Knowledge Bases T2 - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 5th International Conference, RR 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Shasha Huang A1 - Qingguo Li A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Sebastian Rudolph ED - Claudio Gutierrez AB -

Hybrid MKNF knowledge bases, originally based on the stable model semantics, is a mature method of combining rules and Description Logics (DLs). The well-founded semantics for such knowledge bases has been proposed subsequently for better efficiency of reasoning. However, integration of rules and DLs may give rise to inconsistencies, even if they are respectively consistent. Accordingly, reasoning systems based on the previous two semantics will break down. In this paper, we employ the four-valued logic proposed by Belnap, and present a paraconsistent semantics for Hybrid MKNF knowledge bases, which can detect inconsistencies and handle it effectively. Besides, we transform our proposed semantics to the stable model semantics via a linear transformation operator, which indicates that the data complexity in our paradigm is not higher than that of classical reasoning. Moreover, we provide a fixpoint algorithm for computing paraconsistent MKNF models.

JF - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 5th International Conference, RR 2011 PB - Springer CY - Galway, Ireland VL - 6902 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23580-1_8 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'11, at the 22nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-11, Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain), 2011 T2 - Seventh International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'11, at the 22nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-11 Y1 - 2011 ED - Artur S. d'Avila Garcez ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Luís C. Lamb JF - Seventh International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'11, at the 22nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-11 PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain VL - 764 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-764 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Representation of Parsimonious Covering Theory in OWL-DL T2 - Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions {(OWLED} 2011), San Francisco, California, USA, June 5-6, 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Cory A. Henson A1 - Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan A1 - Amit P. Sheth A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Michel Dumontier ED - Mélanie Courtot AB -

The Web Ontology Language has not been designed for representing abductive inference, which is often required for applications such as medical disease diagnosis. As a consequence, existing OWL ontologies have limited ability to encode knowledge for such applications. In the last 150 years, many logic frameworks for the representation of abductive inference have been developed. Among these frameworks, Parsimonious Covering Theory (PCT) has achieved wide recognition. PCT is a formal model of diagnostic reasoning in which knowledge is represented as a network of causal associations, and whose goal is to account for observed symptoms with plausible explanatory hypotheses. In this paper, we argue that OWL does provide some of the expressivity required to approximate diagnostic reasoning, and outline a suitable encoding of PCT in OWL-DL.

JF - Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions {(OWLED} 2011), San Francisco, California, USA, June 5-6, 2011 PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - San Francisco, California, USA VL - 796 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semantic Web surveys and applications JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2011 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz VL - 2 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2011-0047 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semantic Web tools and systems JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2011 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz VL - 2 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2011-0035 IS - 1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems: Five Years into the Conference T2 - ALP Newsletter, Association of Logic Programming Y1 - 2011 A1 - Francesco Calimeri A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB - In this note we retrospect on the five years of the Web Reasoning and Rule Systems conference series and discuss the rationale for the series in the context of the overall field of the Semantic Web, the activities of the Web Reasoning research community, and the development of standards for rule-based systems on the Web. At the end, we draw the reader’s attention to the next event in the series, which will take place in Vienna in September 2012. JF - ALP Newsletter, Association of Logic Programming UR - http://www.cs.nmsu.edu/ALP/2011/12/web-reasoning-and-rule-systems-five-years-into-the-conference ER - TY - CONF T1 - What's Happening in Semantic Web - ... and What FCA Could Have to Do with It T2 - Formal Concept Analysis - 9th International Conference, ICFCA 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Petko Valtchev ED - Robert Jäschke JF - Formal Concept Analysis - 9th International Conference, ICFCA 2011 PB - Springer CY - Nicosia, Cyprus VL - 6628 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20514-9_2 ER - TY - Generic T1 - 10302 Abstracts Collection - Learning paradigms in dynamic environments T2 - Learning paradigms in dynamic environments Y1 - 2010 ED - Barbara Hammer ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Wolfgang Maass ED - Marc Toussaint KW - Autonomous learning KW - Dynamic systems KW - Neural-symbolic integration KW - Neurobiology KW - Recurrent neural networks KW - Speech processing JF - Learning paradigms in dynamic environments PB - Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany CY - Dagstuhl, Germany UR - http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2010/2804 ER - TY - CONF T1 - 10302 Summary – Learning paradigms in dynamic environments T2 - Learning paradigms in dynamic environments Y1 - 2010 A1 - Barbara Hammer A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Wolfgang Maass A1 - Marc Toussaint ED - Barbara Hammer ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Wolfgang Maass ED - Marc Toussaint AB -

The seminar centered around problems which arise in the context of machine learning in dynamic environments. Particular emphasis was put on a couple of specific questions in this context: how to represent and abstract knowledge appropriately to shape the problem of learning in a partially unknown and complex environment and how to combine statistical inference and abstract symbolic representations; how to infer from few data and how to deal with non i.i.d. data, model revision and life-long learning; how to come up with efficient strategies to control realistic environments for which exploration is costly, the dimensionality is high and data are sparse; how to deal with very large settings; and how to apply these models in challenging application areas such as robotics, computer vision, or the web.

JF - Learning paradigms in dynamic environments PB - Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany CY - Dagstuhl, Germany UR - http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2010/2802 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Approximate Instance Retrieval on Ontologies T2 - Database and Expert Systems Applications, 21st International Conference, DEXA 2010 Y1 - 2010 A1 - Tuvshintur Tserendorj A1 - Stephan Grimm A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Pablo Garcia Bringas ED - Abdelkader Hameurlain ED - Gerald Quirchmayr AB -

With the development of more expressive description logics (DLs) for the Web Ontology Language OWL the question arises how we can properly deal with the high computational complexity for effi- cient reasoning. In application cases that require scalable reasoning with expressive ontologies, non-standard reasoning solutions such as approximate reasoning are necessary to tackle the intractability of reasoning in expressive DLs. In this paper, we are concerned with the approximation of the reasoning task of instance retrieval on DL knowledge bases, trading correctness of retrieval results for gain of speed. We introduce our notion of an approximate concept extension and we provide implementations to compute an approximate answer for a concept query by a suitable mapping to efficient database operations. Furthermore, we report on experiments of our approach on instance retrieval with the Wine ontology and discuss first results in terms of error rate and speed-up.

JF - Database and Expert Systems Applications, 21st International Conference, DEXA 2010 PB - Springer CY - Bilbao, Spain VL - 6261 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15364-8_43 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computational Complexity and Anytime Algorithm for Inconsistency Measurement JF - International Journal of Software and Informatics Y1 - 2010 A1 - Yue Ma A1 - Guilin Qi A1 - Guohui Xiao A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Zuoquan Lin KW - algorithm KW - computational complexity KW - inconsistency measurement KW - Knowledge representation KW - multi-valued logic AB -

Measuring inconsistency degrees of inconsistent knowledge bases is an important problem as it provides context information for facilitating inconsistency handling. Many methods have been proposed to solve this problem and a main class of them is based on some kind of paraconsistent semantics. In this paper, we consider the computational aspects of inconsistency degrees of propositional knowledge bases under 4-valued semantics. We first give a complete analysis of the computational complexity of computing inconsistency degrees. As it turns out that computing the exact inconsistency degree is intractable, we then propose an anytime algorithm that provides tractable approximations of the inconsistency degree from above and below. We show that our algorithm satisfies some desirable properties and give experimental results of our implementation of the algorithm

VL - 4 UR - http://www.ijsi.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=i41&flag=1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concept learning in description logics using refinement operators JF - Machine Learning Y1 - 2010 A1 - Jens Lehmann A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - description logics KW - Inductive logic programming KW - OWL KW - refinement operators KW - Semantic Web KW - Structured Machine Learning AB -

With the advent of the Semantic Web, description logics have become one of the most prominent paradigms for knowledge representation and reasoning. Progress in research and applications, however, is constrained by the lack of well-structured knowledge bases consisting of a sophisticated schema and instance data adhering to this schema. It is paramount that suitable automated methods for their acquisition, maintenance, and evolution will be developed. In this paper, we provide a learning algorithm based on refinement operators for the description logic ALCQ including support for concrete roles. We develop the algorithm from thorough theoretical foundations by identifying possible abstract property combinations which refinement operators for description logics can have. Using these investigations as a basis, we derive a practically useful complete and proper refinement operator. The operator is then cast into a learning algorithm and evaluated using our implementation DL-Learner. The results of the evaluation show that our approach is superior to other learning approaches on description logics, and is competitive with established ILP systems.

VL - 78 UR - http://springerlink.metapress.com/content/c040n45u15qrnu44/ ER - TY - CONF T1 - Distance-based Measures of Inconsistency and Incoherency for Description Logics T2 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Workshop on Description Logics (DL2010) Y1 - 2010 A1 - Yue Ma A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Volker Haarslev ED - David Toman ED - Grant Weddell AB -

Inconsistency and incoherency are two sorts of erroneous information in a DL ontology which have been widely discussed in ontology-based applications. For example, they have been used to detect modeling errors during ontology construction. To provide more informative metrics which can tell the differences between inconsistent ontologies and between incoherent terminologies, there has been some work on measuring inconsistency of an ontology and on measuring incoherency of a terminology. However, most of them merely focus either on measuring inconsistency or on measuring incoherency and no clear ideas of how to extend them to allow for the other. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to measure DL ontologies, named distance-based measures. It has the merits that both inconsistency and incoherency can be measured in a unified framework. Moreover, only classical DL interpretations are used such that there is no restriction on the DL languages used.

JF - Proceedings of the 23rd International Workshop on Description Logics (DL2010) PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - Waterloo, Canada VL - 573 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Distributed Reasoning with EL++ Using MapReduce Y1 - 2010 A1 - Frederick Maier A1 - Raghava Mutharaju A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

It has recently been shown that the MapReduce framework for distributed computation can be used effectively for large-scale RDF Schema reasoning, computing the deductive closure of over a billion RDF triples within a reasonable time [23]. Later work has carried this approach over to OWL Horst [22]. In this paper, we provide a MapReduce algorithm for classifying knowledge bases in the description logic EL++, which is essentially the OWL 2 profile OWL 2 EL. The traditional EL++ classification algorithm is recast into a form compatible with MapReduce, and it is shown how the revised algorithm can be realized within the MapReduce framework. An analysis of the circumstances under which the algorithm can be effectively used is also provided.

PB - Wright State University CY - Dayton, OH, USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extracting Reduced Logic Programs from Artificial Neural Networks JF - Applied Intelligence Y1 - 2010 A1 - Jens Lehmann A1 - Sebastian Bader A1 - Pascal Hitzler AB -

Artificial neural networks can be trained to perform excellently in many application areas. Whilst they can learn from raw data to solve sophisticated recognition and analysis problems, the acquired knowledge remains hidden within the network architecture and is not readily accessible for analysis or further use: Trained networks are black boxes. Recent research efforts therefore investigate the possibility to extract symbolic knowledge from trained networks, in order to analyze, validate, and reuse the structural insights gained implicitly during the training process. In this paper, we will study how knowledge in form of propositional logic programs can be obtained in such a way that the programs are as simple as possible — where simple is being understood in some clearly defined and meaningful way.

VL - 32 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10489-008-0142-y ER - TY - CONF T1 - Flexible Bootstrapping-Based Ontology Alignment T2 - Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Ontology Matching (OM-2010), Shanghai, China, November 7, 2010 Y1 - 2010 A1 - Prateek Jain A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Amit P. Sheth ED - Pavel Shvaiko ED - Jérôme Euzenat ED - Fausto Giunchiglia ED - Heiner Stuckenschmidt ED - Ming Mao ED - Isabel F. Cruz AB -

BLOOMS (Jain et al, ISWC2010, to appear) is an ontology alignment system which, in its core, utilizes the Wikipedia category hierarchy for establishing alignments. In this paper, we present a Plug-and-Play extension to BLOOMS, which allows to flexibly replace or complement the use of Wikipedia by other online or offline resources, including domain-specific ontologies or taxonomies. By making use of automated translation services and of Wikipedia in languages other than English, it makes it possible to apply BLOOMS to alignment tasks where the input ontologies are written in different languages.

JF - Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Ontology Matching (OM-2010), Shanghai, China, November 7, 2010 PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - Shanghai, China VL - 689 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-689/om2010_poster9.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generalized Distance Functions in the Theory of Computation JF - Computer Journal Y1 - 2010 A1 - Anthony K. Seda A1 - Pascal Hitzler KW - denotational semantics KW - fixed-point theorems KW - generalized distance functions KW - Logic Programming KW - stable model KW - supported model KW - topology KW - ultra-metrics AB -

We discuss a number of distance functions encountered in the theory of computation, including metrics, ultra-metrics, quasi-metrics, generalized ultra-metrics, partial metrics, d-ultra-metrics and generalized metrics. We consider their properties, associated fixed-point theorems and some general applications they have within the theory of computation. We consider in detail the applications of generalized distance functions in giving a uniform treatment of several important semantics for logic programs, including acceptable programs and natural generalizations of them, and also the supported model and the stable model in the context of locally stratified extended disjunctive logic programs and databases.

VL - 53 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxm108 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Linked Data Is Merely More Data T2 - Linked Data Meets Artificial Intelligence, Papers from the 2010 AAAI Spring Symposium Y1 - 2010 A1 - Prateek Jain A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Peter Z. Yeh A1 - Kunal Verma A1 - Amit Sheth ED - Dan Brickley ED - Vinay K. Chaudhri ED - Harry Halpin ED - Deborah McGuinness AB -

In this position paper, we argue that the Linked Open Data (LoD) Cloud, in its current form, is only of limited value for furthering the Semantic Web vision. Being merely a weakly linked “triple collection,” it will only be of very limited bene- fit for the AI or Semantic Web communities. We describe the corresponding problems with the LoD Cloud and give directions for research to remedy the situation.

JF - Linked Data Meets Artificial Intelligence, Papers from the 2010 AAAI Spring Symposium PB - AAAI CY - Stanford, California, USA UR - http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/SSS/SSS10/paper/view/1130 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A MapReduce Algorithm for EL+ T2 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2010) Y1 - 2010 A1 - Raghava Mutharaju A1 - Frederick Maier A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Volker Haarslev ED - David Toman ED - Grant E. Weddell AB -

Recently, the use of the MapReduce framework for distributed RDF Schema reasoning has shown that it is possible to compute the deductive closure of sets of over a billion RDF triples within a reasonable time span [22], and that it is also possible to carry the approach over to OWL Horst [21]. Following this lead, in this paper we provide a MapReduce algorithm for the description logic EL+, more precisely for the classification of EL+ ontologies. To do this, we first modify the algorithm usually used for EL+ classification. The modified algorithm can then be converted into a MapReduce algorithm along the same key ideas as used for RDF schema.

JF - Proceedings of the 23rd International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2010) PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - Waterloo, Ontario, Canada VL - 573 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-573/paper_35.pdf ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mathematical Aspects of Logic Programming Semantics T2 - Studies in Informatics Y1 - 2010 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Anthony K. Seda JF - Studies in Informatics PB - Chapman and Hall/CRC Press ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ontology Alignment for Linked Open Data T2 - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2010 - 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010 Y1 - 2010 A1 - Prateek Jain A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Amit Sheth A1 - Kunal Verma A1 - Peter Z. Yeh ED - Peter F. Patel-Schneider ED - Yue Pan ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Peter Mika ED - Lei Zhang ED - Jeff Z. Pan ED - Ian Horrocks ED - Birte Glimm AB -

The Web of Data currently coming into existence through the Linked Open Data (LOD) effort is a major milestone in realizing the Semantic Web vision. However, the development of applications based on LOD faces difficulties due to the fact that the different LOD datasets are rather loosely connected pieces of information. In particular, links between LOD datasets are almost exclusively on the level of instances, and schema-level information is being ignored. In this paper, we therefore present a system for finding schema-level links between LOD datasets in the sense of ontology alignment. Our system, called BLOOMS, is based on the idea of bootstrapping information already present on the LOD cloud. We also present a comprehensive evaluation which shows that BLOOMS outperforms state-of-the-art ontology alignment systems on LOD datasets. At the same time, BLOOMS is also competitive compared with these other systems on the Ontology Evaluation Alignment Initiative Benchmark datasets.

JF - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2010 - 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010 PB - Springer CY - Shanghai, China VL - 6496 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17746-0_26 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perspectives and challenges for recurrent neural network training JF - Logic Journal of the IGPL Y1 - 2010 A1 - Marco Gori A1 - Barbara Hammer A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Guenther Palm VL - 18 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzp042 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preface - Special issue on commonsense reasoning for the semantic web JF - Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence Y1 - 2010 A1 - Frank van Harmelen A1 - Andreas Herzig A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Guilin Qi VL - 58 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10472-010-9209-7 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Provenance Context Entity (PaCE): Scalable Provenance Tracking for Scientific RDF Data T2 - Scientific and Statistical Database Management, 22nd International Conference, SSDBM 2010 Y1 - 2010 A1 - Satya S. Sahoo A1 - Olivier Bodenreider A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Amit Sheth A1 - Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan ED - Michael Gertz ED - Bertram Ludäscher KW - Biomedical knowledge repository KW - Context theory KW - Provenance context entity KW - Provenance Management Framework. KW - Provenir ontology KW - RDF reification AB -

The Semantic Web Resource Description Framework (RDF) format is being used by a large number of scientific applications to store and disseminate their datasets. The provenance information, describing the source or lineage of the datasets, is playing an increasingly significant role in ensuring data quality, computing trust value of the datasets, and ranking query results. Current Semantic Web provenance tracking approaches using the RDF reification vocabulary suffer from a number of known issues, including lack of formal semantics, use of blank nodes, and application-dependent interpretation of reified RDF triples that hinders data sharing. In this paper, we introduce a new approach called Provenance Context Entity (PaCE) that uses the notion of provenance context to create provenance-aware RDF triples without the use of RDF reification or blank nodes. We also define the formal semantics of PaCE through a simple extension of the existing RDF(S) semantics that ensures compatibility of PaCE with existing Semantic Web tools and implementations. We have implemented the PaCE approach in the Biomedical Knowledge Repository (BKR) project at the US National Library of Medicine to support provenance tracking on RDF data extracted from multiple sources, including biomedical literature and the UMLS Metathesaurus. The evaluations demonstrate a minimum of 49% reduction in total number of provenancespecific RDF triples generated using the PaCE approach as compared to RDF reification. In addition, using the PACE approach improves the performance of complex provenance queries by three orders of magnitude and remains comparable to the RDF reification approach for simpler provenance queries. 

JF - Scientific and Statistical Database Management, 22nd International Conference, SSDBM 2010 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg, Germany VL - 6187 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13818-8_32 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Reasonable Semantic Web JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2010 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Frank van Harmelen KW - Automated Reasoning KW - Formal Semantics KW - Knowledge representation KW - Linked Open Data KW - Semantic Web AB -

The realization of Semantic Web reasoning is central to substantiating the Semantic Web vision. However, current mainstream research on this topic faces serious challenges, which forces us to question established lines of research and to rethink the underlying approaches. We argue that reasoning for the Semantic Web should be understood as "shared inference," which is not necessarily based on deductive methods. Model-theoretic semantics (and sound and complete reasoning based on it) functions as a gold standard, but applications dealing with large-scale and noisy data usually cannot afford the required runtimes. Approximate methods, including deductive ones, but also approaches based on entirely different methods like machine learning or natureinspired computing need to be investigated, while quality assurance needs to be done in terms of precision and recall values (as in information retrieval) and not necessarily in terms of soundness and completeness of the underlying algorithms.

VL - 1 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2010-0010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reports of the AAAI 2010 Conference Workshops JF - AI Magazine Y1 - 2010 A1 - David W. Aha A1 - Mark S. Boddy A1 - Vadim Bulitko A1 - Artur S. d'Avila Garcez A1 - Prashant Doshi A1 - Stefan Edelkamp A1 - Christopher W. Geib A1 - Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz A1 - Robert P. Goldman A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Charles L. Isbell A1 - Darsana P. Josyula A1 - Leslie Pack Kaelbling A1 - Kristian Kersting A1 - Maithilee Kunda A1 - Luís C. Lamb A1 - Bhaskara Marthi A1 - Keith McGreggor A1 - Vivi Nastase A1 - Gregory Provan A1 - Anita Raja A1 - Ashwin Ram A1 - Mark O. Riedl A1 - Stuart J. Russell A1 - Ashish Sabharwal A1 - Jan-Georg Smaus A1 - Gita Sukthankar A1 - Karl Tuyls A1 - Ron van der Meyden A1 - Alon Y. Halevy A1 - Lilyana Mihalkova A1 - Sriraam Natarajan VL - 31 UR - http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2318 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semantic Web - Interoperability, Usability, Applicability JF - Semantic Web Y1 - 2010 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Krzysztof Janowicz AB -

The Semantic Web journal is set up to be a forum for highest-quality research contributions on all aspects of the Semantic Web. Its scope encompasses work in neighboring disciplines which is motivated by the Semantic Web vision. Besides the publishing of research contributions, it is also an outlet for reports on tools, systems, applications, and ontologies which enable research, rather than being direct research contributions. The journal also publishes top-quality surveys which serve as introductions to core topics of Semantic Web research.

VL - 1 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2010-0017 ER - TY - Generic T1 - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2010. 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, Shanghai, China, November 7-11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part I T2 - 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010 Y1 - 2010 ED - Peter F. Patel-Schneider ED - Yue Pan ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Peter Mika ED - Lei Zhang ED - Jeff Z. Pan ED - Ian Horrocks ED - Birte Glimm JF - 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010 PB - Springer CY - Shanghai, China VL - 6496 ER - TY - Generic T1 - The Semantic Web - ISWC 2010. 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, Shanghai, China, November 7-11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part II T2 - 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010 Y1 - 2010 ED - Peter F. Patel-Schneider ED - Yue Pan ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Peter Mika ED - Lei Zhang ED - Jeff Z. Pan ED - Ian Horrocks ED - Birte Glimm JF - 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010 PB - Springer CY - Shanghai, China VL - 6497 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems. Fourth International Conference, RR 2010, Bressanone, Italy, September 22-24, 2010, Proceedings T2 - 4th International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems Y1 - 2010 ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Thomas Lukasiewicz JF - 4th International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems PB - Springer CY - Bressanone, Italy VL - 6333 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Anytime Algorithm for Computing Inconsistency Measurement T2 - Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, Third International Conference, KSEM 2009 Y1 - 2009 A1 - Yue Ma A1 - Guilin Qi A1 - Guohui Xiao A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Zuoquan Lin ED - Dimitris Karagiannis ED - Zhi Jin AB -

Measuring inconsistency degrees of inconsistent knowledge bases is an important problem as it provides context information for facilitating inconsistency handling. Many methods have been proposed to solve this problem and a main class of them is based on some kind of paraconsistent semantics. In this paper, we consider the computational aspects of inconsistency degrees of propositional knowledge bases under 4-valued semantics. We first analyze its computational complexity. As it turns out that computing the exact inconsistency degree is intractable, we then propose an anytime algorithm that provides tractable approximation of the inconsistency degree from above and below. We show that our algorithm satisfies some desirable properties and give experimental results of our implementation of the algorithm.

JF - Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, Third International Conference, KSEM 2009 PB - Springer CY - Vienna, Austria VL - 5914 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10488-6_7 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Artificial General Intelligence. Second Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2009, Arlington, Virginia, USA, March 6-9, 2009. Proceedings T2 - Second Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2009 Y1 - 2009 ED - Ben Goertzel ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Marcus Hutter JF - Second Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2009 PB - Atlantis Press CY - Arlington, Virginia, USA ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Conceptual Structures in Practice T2 - Studies in Informatics Y1 - 2009 ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Henrik Schärfe JF - Studies in Informatics PB - Chapman and Hall/CRC ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Evolutionary Computing Approach for Reasoning in the Semantic Web T2 - Poster at DECOI2009, the International Workshop on Collective Intelligence andEvolution Y1 - 2009 A1 - Gaston Tagni A1 - Christophe Gueret A1 - Stefan Schlobach A1 - Sebastian Rudolph A1 - Pascal Hitzler JF - Poster at DECOI2009, the International Workshop on Collective Intelligence andEvolution CY - Leiden, The Netherlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Facets of Artificial General Intelligence JF - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2009 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Kai-Uwe Kühnberger AB -

We argue that time has come for a serious endeavor to work towards artificial general intelligence (AGI). This positive assessment of the very possibility of AGI has partially its roots in the development of new methodological achievements in the AI area, like new learning paradigms and new integration techniques for different methodologies. The article sketches some of these methods as prototypical examples for approaches towards AGI.

VL - 23 UR - http://www.kuenstliche-intelligenz.de/fileadmin/template/main/archiv/pdf/ki2009-02_page58-59_web_full.pdf ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies T2 - Textbooks in Computing Y1 - 2009 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Markus Krötzsch A1 - Sebastian Rudolph JF - Textbooks in Computing PB - Chapman and Hall/CRC Press ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Importance of Being Neural-Symbolic – A Wilde Position T2 - Second Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2009 Y1 - 2009 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Kai-Uwe Kühnberger ED - Ben Goertzel ED - Pascal Hitzler ED - Marcus Hutter AB -

We argue that Neural-Symbolic Integration is a topic of central importance for the advancement of Artificial General Intelligence.

JF - Second Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2009 CY - Arlington, Virginia, USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - KI 2009 - AI Mashup Challenge 2009 JF - KI - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2009 A1 - Brigitte Endres-Niggemeyer A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Valentin Zacharias ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Ontologies and Rules T2 - Handbook on Ontologies Y1 - 2009 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Bijan Parsia ED - Steffen Staab ED - Rudi Studer JF - Handbook on Ontologies PB - Springer ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: Primer Y1 - 2009 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Markus Krötzsch A1 - Bijan Parsia A1 - Peter F. Patel-Schneider A1 - Sebastian Rudolph UR - http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Paraconsistent Reasoning for OWL 2 T2 - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, Third International Conference, RR 2009 Y1 - 2009 A1 - Yue Ma A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Axel Polleres ED - Terrance Swift AB -

A four-valued description logic has been proposed to reason with description logic based inconsistent knowledge bases. This approach has a distinct advantage that it can be implemented by invoking classical reasoners to keep the same complexity as under the classical semantics. However, this approach has so far only been studied for the basid description logic ALC. In this paper, we further study how to extend the four-valued semantics to the more expressive description logic SROIQ which underlies the forthcoming revision of the Web Ontology Language, OWL 2, and also investigate how it fares when adapated to tractable description logics including EL++, DL-Lite, and Horn-DLs. We define the four-valued semantics along the same lines as for ALC and show that we can retain most of the desired properties.

JF - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, Third International Conference, RR 2009 PB - Springer CY - Chantilly, VA, USA VL - 5837 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05082-4_14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Preferential Tableaux Calculus for Circumscriptive ALCO T2 - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, Third International Conference, RR 2009 Y1 - 2009 A1 - Stephan Grimm A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Axel Polleres ED - Terrance Swift AB -

Nonmonotonic extensions of description logics (DLs) allow for default and local closed-world reasoning and are an acknowledged desired feature for applications, e.g. in the Semantic Web. A recent approach to such an extension is based on McCarthy’s circumscription, which rests on the principle of minimising the extension of selected predicates to close off dedicated parts of a domain model. While decidability and complexity results have been established in the literature, no practical algorithmisation for circumscriptive DLs has been proposed so far. In this paper, we present a tableaux calculus that can be used as a decision procedure for concept satisfiability with respect to conceptcircumscribed ALCO knowledge bases. The calculus builds on existing tableaux for classical DLs, extended by the notion of a preference clash to detect the non-minimality of constructed models.

JF - Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, Third International Conference, RR 2009 PB - Springer CY - Chantilly, VA, USA VL - 5837 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05082-4_4 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'09, at the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Pasadena, California, July 2009 T2 - Fifth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'09, at the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Y1 - 2009 ED - Artur S. d'Avila Garcez ED - Pascal Hitzler JF - Fifth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy'09, at the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - Pasadena, California VL - 481 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-481 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Applications of Semantic Technologies, AST2009, at Informatik2009, Lübeck, Germany, October 2009 T2 - INFORMATIK 2009 - Im Fokus das Leben Y1 - 2009 ED - Stephan Grimm ED - Pascal Hitzler JF - INFORMATIK 2009 - Im Fokus das Leben PB - Bonner Köllen Verlag CY - Lübeck, Germany ER - TY - CONF T1 - RaDON - Repair and Diagnosis in Ontology Networks T2 - The Semantic Web: Research and Applications, 6th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2009 Y1 - 2009 A1 - Qiu Ji A1 - Peter Haase A1 - Guilin Qi A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Steffen Stadtmüller ED - Lora Aroyo ED - Paolo Traverso ED - Fabio Ciravegna ED - Philipp Cimiano ED - Tom Heath ED - Eero Hyvönen ED - Riichiro Mizoguchi ED - Eyal Oren ED - Marta Sabou ED - Elena Paslaru Bontas Simperl AB -

One of the major challenges in managing networked and dynamic ontologies is to handle inconsistencies in single ontologies, and inconsistencies introduced by integrating multiple distributed ontologies. Our RaDON system provides functionalities to repair and diagnose ontology networks by extending the capabilities of existing reasoners. The system integrates several new debugging and repairing algorithms, such as a relevance-directed algorithm to meet the various needs of the users.

JF - The Semantic Web: Research and Applications, 6th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2009 PB - Springer CY - Heraklion, Crete, Greece VL - 5554 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02121-3_71 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Suggestions for OWL 3 T2 - Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on {OWL:} Experiences and Directions {(OWLED} 2009), Chantilly, VA, United States, October 23-24, 2009 Y1 - 2009 A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Rinke Hoekstra ED - Peter F. Patel-Schneider AB -

With OWL 2 about to be completed, it is the right time to start discussions on possible future modifications of OWL. We present here a number of suggestions in order to discuss them with the OWL user community. They encompass expressive extensions on polynomial OWL 2 profiles, a suggestion for an OWL Rules language, and expressive extensions for OWL DL.

JF - Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on {OWL:} Experiences and Directions {(OWLED} 2009), Chantilly, VA, United States, October 23-24, 2009 PB - CEUR-WS.org CY - Chantilly, VA, United States VL - 529 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-529/owled2009_submission_6.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards Reasoning Pragmatics T2 - GeoSpatial Semantics, Third International Conference, GeoS 2009 Y1 - 2009 A1 - Pascal Hitzler ED - Krzysztof Janowicz ED - Martin Raubal ED - Sergei Levashkin AB -

The realization of Semantic Web reasoning is central to substantiating the Semantic Web vision. However, current mainstream research on this topic faces serious challenges, which force us to question established lines of research and to rethink the underlying approaches.

JF - GeoSpatial Semantics, Third International Conference, GeoS 2009 PB - Springer CY - Mexico City, Mexico VL - 5892 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10436-7_2 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Semantic Web Grundlagen Y1 - 2008 A1 - Pascal Hitzler A1 - Markus Krötzsch A1 - Sebastian Rudolph A1 - York Sure PB - Springer textbook ER -