01414nas a2200241 4500008004100000245006500041210006400106260007400170490000900244520070200253653001800955653002200973653000800995653000901003653000901012653001401021100002001035700002201055700001301077700001901090700002001109856004301129 2020 eng d00aCompletion Reasoning Emulation for the Description Logic EL+0 aCompletion Reasoning Emulation for the Description Logic EL aStanford University, Palo Alto, California, USAbCEUR-WS.orgc03/20200 v26003 a
We present a new approach to integrating deep learning with knowledge-based systems that we believe shows promise. Our approach seeks to emulate reasoning structure, which can be inspected part-way through, rather than simply learning reasoner answers, which is typical in many of the black-box systems currently in use. We demonstrate that this idea is feasible by training a long short-term memory (LSTM) artificial neural network to learn EL+ reasoning patterns with two different data sets. We also show that this trained system is resistant to noise by corrupting a percentage of the test data and comparing the reasoner's and LSTM's predictions on corrupt data with correct answers.
10aDeep Learning10aDescription Logic10aEL+10aLSTM10aNeSy10aReasoning1 aEberhart, Aaron1 aEbrahimi, Monireh1 aZhou, Lu1 aShimizu, Cogan1 aHitzler, Pascal uhttp://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2600/paper5.pdf00883nas a2200229 4500008004100000020002200041245004000063210003900103260003900142300001200181490001000193520026000203653000800463653002200471653000700493653002200500653001900522100002000541700002300561700002000584856004900604 2018 eng d a978-3-319-98191-800aPseudo-Random ALC Syntax Generation0 aPseudoRandom ALC Syntax Generation aHeraklion, Crete, GreecebSpringer a19–220 v111553 aWe discuss a tool capable of rapidly generating pseudo-random syntactically valid ALC expression trees. The program is meant to allow a researcher to create large sets of independently valid expressions with a minimum of personal bias for experimentation.10aALC10aDescription Logic10aDL10arandom generation10asynthetic data1 aEberhart, Aaron1 aCheatham, Michelle1 aHitzler, Pascal uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98192-5\_402037nas a2200229 4500008004100000245004200041210004200083300001400125490000600139520143400145653002401579653001501603653002201618653000801640653002001648653001701668653002601685100002101711700001201732700002001744856004301764 2013 eng d00aParaconsistent OWL and Related Logics0 aParaconsistent OWL and Related Logics a395–4270 v43 aThe Web Ontology Language OWL is currently the most prominent formalism for representing ontologies in Semantic Web applications. OWL is based on description logics, and automated reasoners are used to infer knowledge implicitly present in OWL ontologies. However, because typical description logics obey the classical principle of explosion, reasoning over inconsistent ontologies is impossible in OWL. This is so despite the fact that inconsistencies are bound to occur in many realistic cases, e.g., when multiple ontologies are merged or when ontologies are created by machine learning or data mining tools. In this paper, we present four-valued paraconsistent description logics which can reason over inconsistencies. We focus on logics corresponding to OWL DL and its profiles. We present the logic SROIQ4, showing that it is both sound relative to classical SROIQ and that its embedding into SROIQ is consequence preserving. We also examine paraconsistent varieties of EL++, DL-Lite, and Horn-DLs. The general framework described here has the distinct advantage of allowing classical reasoners to draw sound but nontrivial conclusions from even inconsistent knowledge bases. Truth-value gaps and gluts can also be selectively eliminated from models (by inserting additional axioms into knowledge bases). If gaps but not gluts are eliminated, additional classical conclusions can be drawn without affecting paraconsistency.10aAutomated Deduction10aComplexity10aDescription Logic10aOWL10aParaconsistency10aSemantic Web10aWeb Ontology Language1 aMaier, Frederick1 aMa, Yue1 aHitzler, Pascal uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2012-006601446nas a2200313 4500008004100000020002200041245008300063210006900146260001700215300001200232520051700244653001200761653002200773653003100795653001000826653001700836653002600853100002200879700002100901700002100922700002000943700002600963700002400989700001601013700002101029700001901050700001601069856004701085 2011 eng d a978-1-4503-0632-400aA Better Uncle for {OWL}: Nominal Schemas for Integrating Rules and Ontologies0 aBetter Uncle for OWL Nominal Schemas for Integrating Rules and O bACMc03/2011 a645-6543 aWe propose a description-logic style extension of OWL 2 with nominal schemas which can be used like "variable nominal classes" within axioms. This feature allows ontology languages to express arbitrary DL-safe rules (as expressible in SWRL or RIF) in their native syntax. We show that adding nominal schemas to OWL 2 does not increase the worst-case reasoning complexity, and we identify a novel tractable language SROELV3(\cap, x) that is versatile enough to capture the lightweight languages OWL EL and OWL RL.10adatalog10aDescription Logic10aSemantic Web Rule Language10aSROIQ10atractability10aWeb Ontology Language1 aKrötzsch, Markus1 aMaier, Frederick1 aKrisnadhi, Adila1 aHitzler, Pascal1 aSrinivasan, Sadagopan1 aRamamritham, Krithi1 aKumar, Arun1 aRavindra, M., P.1 aBertino, Elisa1 aKumar, Ravi uhttp://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1963405.196349601632nas a2200217 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131300001600200490000800216520093900224653002201163653002901185653002201214653002801236653001501264653001701279100002001296700002701316700002001343856005101363 2011 eng d00aLocal Closed World Reasoning with Description Logics under the Well-Founded Semantics0 aLocal Closed World Reasoning with Description Logics under the W a1528–15540 v1753 aAn important question for the upcoming Semantic Web is how to best combine open world ontology languages, such as the OWL-based ones, with closed world rule-based languages. One of the most mature proposals for this combination is known as hybrid MKNF knowledge bases [52], and it is based on an adaptation of the Stable Model Semantics to knowledge bases consisting of ontology axioms and rules. In this paper we propose a well-founded semantics for nondisjunctive hybrid MKNF knowledge bases that promises to provide better efficiency of reasoning, and that is compatible with both the OWL-based semantics and the traditional Well-Founded Semantics for logic programs. Moreover, our proposal allows for the detection of inconsistencies, possibly occurring in tightly integrated ontology axioms and rules, with only little additional effort. We also identify tractable fragments of the resulting language.
10aDescription Logic10aKnowledge representation10aLogic Programming10aNon-monotonic reasoning10aOntologies10aSemantic Web1 aKnorr, Matthias1 aAlferes, José, Júlio1 aHitzler, Pascal uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2011.01.00701673nas a2200229 4500008004100000245005800041210005500099260002500154490000800179520100400187653002001191653001701211653001701228653002201245100002101267700002001288700002001308700002101328700002301349700002701372856004401399 2011 eng d00aLocal Closed World Semantics: Keep it simple, stupid!0 aLocal Closed World Semantics Keep it simple stupid bCEUR-WS.orgc07/20110 v7453 aA combination of open and closed-world reasoning (usually called local closed world reasoning) is a desirable capability of knowledge representation formalisms for Semantic Web applications. However, none of the proposals made to date for extending description logics with local closed world capabilities has had any significant impact on applications. We believe that one of the key reasons for this is that current proposals fail to provide approaches which are intuitively accessible for application developers and at the same time are applicable, as extensions, to expressive description logics such as SROIQ, which underlies the Web Ontology Language OWL. In this paper we propose a new approach which overcomes key limitations of other major proposals made to date. It is based on an adaptation of circumscriptive description logics which, in contrast to previously reported circumscription proposals, is applicable to SROIQ without rendering reasoning over the resulting language undecidable.10acircumscription10aclosed world10adecidability10aDescription Logic1 aKrisnadhi, Adila1 aSengupta, Kunal1 aHitzler, Pascal1 aRosati, Riccardo1 aRudolph, Sebastian1 aZakharyaschev, Michael uhttp://ceur-ws.org/Vol-745/paper_12.pdf