@inbook {800, title = {Ontology-based Data Organization for the Enslaved Project}, year = {In Press}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @booklet {990, title = {An Ontology for Representing Curriculum and Learning Material}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Educational, learning, and training materials have become extremely commonplace across the Internet. Yet, they frequently remain disconnected from each other, fall into platform silos, and so on. One way to overcome this is to provide a mechanism to integrate the material and provide cross-links across topics. In this paper, we present the Curriculum KG Ontology, which we use as a framework for the dense interlinking of educational materials, by first starting with organizational and broad pedagogical principles. We provide a materialized graph for the Prototype Open Knowledge Network use-case, and validate it using competency questions sourced from domain experts and educators. }, keywords = {education, modular ontology design, ontology}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2506.05751}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05751}, author = {Antrea Christou and Chris Davis Jaldi and Joseph Zalewski and Hande Kucuk McGinty and Pascal Hitzler and Cogan Shimizu} } @conference {984, title = {Commonsense Ontology Micropatterns}, booktitle = {18th International Conference on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy 2024}, year = {2024}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Barcelona, ES}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-71170-1_6}, author = {Andrew Eells and Dave, B and Pascal Hitzler and Cogan Shimizu} } @conference {989, title = {The HIP Ontology: a formal framework to support disaster risk reduction and management}, booktitle = {JOWO 2024 at FOIS 2024}, year = {2024}, author = {Shirly Stephen and Mark Schildhauer and Krzysztof Janowicz and Kitty Currier and Pascal Hitzler and Cogan Shimizu and Colby K. Fisher and Dean Rehberger} } @article {997, title = {Ontology Modules for Grain Supply Chain Tracing}, year = {2024}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Abhilehka Dalal and Pascal Hitzler and Evan Wallace and Frank Riddick and Scott Niemann and Joe Tevis and Farhad Ameri} } @article {988, title = {Towards a Global Food Systems Datahub}, journal = {Semantic Web Journal}, year = {2024}, author = {Hande Kucuk McGinty and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Ajay Sharda} } @article {913, title = {Bridging RDF and Property Graphs: Linking KnowWhereGraph and SPOKE}, year = {2023}, author = {Shirly Stephen and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Karthik Soman and Peter W Rose and John H Morris and Sergio E Baranzini and Krzysztof Janowicz and Antrea Christou and Abhilekha Dalal and Kitty Currier and Mark Schildhauer} } @proceedings {957, title = {Expertise Ontology: Modeling Expertise in the Context of Emergency Management}, journal = {Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2023 Episode IX: The Quebec Summer of Ontology co-located with the 13th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2023)}, year = {2023}, publisher = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings 3637, CEUR-WS.org 2023.}, address = {Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada}, author = {Shirly Stephen and Kitty Currier and Mark Schildhauer and Ling Cai and Yuanyuan Tian and Cogan Shimizu and Kryzstof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Anna Lopez-Carr and Andrew Schroeder and Rui Zhu and Dean Rehberger and Gengchen Mai and Zilong Liu and Colby Fisher} } @inbook {955, title = {Fast Forward from Data to Insight: (Geographic) Knowledge Graphs and Their Applications. }, booktitle = {Handbook of Geospatial Artificial Intelligence,CRC Press}, year = {2023}, pages = {411-426}, edition = {In: Song Gao, Yinjie Hu, Wenwen Li (eds.)}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Kitty Currier and Cogan Shimizu and Rui Zhu and Meilin Shi and Colby K. Fisher and Dean Rehberger and Pascal Hitzler and Zilong Liu and Shirly Stephen} } @proceedings {956, title = {A Formal Framework for Disaster Risk Properties}, journal = {Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2023 Episode IX: The Quebec Summer of Ontology co-located with the 13th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2023)}, year = {2023}, publisher = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings 3637,CEUR-WS.org 2023.}, address = {Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada}, author = {Shirly Stephen and Mark Schildhauer and Kitty Currier and Pascal Hitzler and Cogan Shimizu and Krzysztof Janowicz and Dean Rehberger} } @article {906, title = {The KnowWhereGraph Ontology}, year = {2023}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Shirly Stephen and Kitty Currier and Pascal Hitzler and Rui Zhu and Krzysztof Janowicz and Mark Schildhauer and Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad and Abhilekha Dalal and Adrita Barua and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Zhangyu Wang and Yuanyuan Tian and Sanaz Saki Norouzi and Zilong Liu and Meilin Shi and Colby K. Fisher} } @conference {916, title = {The KnowWhereGraph Ontology: A Showcase}, year = {2023}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Shirly Stephen and Rui Zhu and Kitty Currier and Mark Schildhauer and Dean Rehberger and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Colby K. Fisher and Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad and Antrea Christou and Adrita Barua and Abhilekha Dalal and Sanaz Saki Norouzi and Zilong Liu and Meilin Shi and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Zhangyu Wang and Yuanyuan Tian} } @proceedings {958, title = {The KnowWhereGraph Ontology: A Showcase}, journal = {Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2023 Episode IX: The Quebec Summer of Ontology co-located with the 13th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2023),}, year = {2023}, month = {2023}, publisher = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings 3637, CEUR-WS.org 2023.}, address = {Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Shirly Stephen and Rui Zhu and Kitty Currier and Mark Schildhauer and Dean Rehberger and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Colby Fisher and Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad and Antrea Christou and Adrita Barua and Abhilehka Dalal and Sanaz Saki Norouzi and Yuanyuan Tian and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Zhangyu Wang and Zilong Liu and Meilin Shi} } @conference {914, title = {KnowWhereGraph-Lite: A Perspective of the KnowWhereGraph}, booktitle = {KGSWC 2023}, year = {2023}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Shirly Stephen and Antrea Christou and Kitty Currier and Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad and Sanaz Saki Norouzi and Abhilekha Dalal and Adrita Barua and Colby K. Fisher and Anthony D{\textquoteright}Onofrio and Thomas Thelen and Krzysztof Janowicz and Dean Rehberger and Mark Schildhauer and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {912, title = {MMODS-O: A Modular Ontology for the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) {\textendash} Documentation}, year = {2023}, abstract = {

We are presenting the documentation for MMODS-O, an ontology derived from the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS, version 3.8), which is an XML Schema by The Library of Congress. The XML Schema concerns metadata pertaining to bibliographic elements, however it is also used for other purposes, for instance LCACommons which is an interagency community that focues on Life Cycle Analysis, National Agricultural Library -- require the metadata to be in MODS format. \ Our motivation for developing this ontology -- including how it relates to previous attempts -- will be described elsewhere. This documentation is intended for readers who are familiar with MODS XML schema.

}, author = {Rushrukh Rayan and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {911, title = {A Modular Ontology for MODS {\textendash} Metadata Object Description Schema}, year = {2023}, abstract = {

The Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) was developed to describe bibliographic concepts and metadata and is maintained by the Library of Congress. Its authoritative version is given as an XML schema based on an XML mindset which means that it has significant limitations for use in a knowledge graphs context. We have therefore developed the Modular MODS Ontology (MMODS-O) which incorporates all elements and attributes of the MODS XML schema. In designing the ontology, we adopt the recent Modular Ontology Design Methodology (MOMo) with the intention to strike a balance between modularity and quality ontology design on the one hand, and conservative backward compatibility with MODS on the other.\ 

}, author = {Rushrukh Rayan and Cogan Shimizu and Heidi Sieverding and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {910, title = {An Ontology Design Pattern for Role-Dependent Names}, year = {2023}, abstract = {

We present an ontology design pattern for modeling\ Names\ as part of\ Roles, to capture scenarios where an\ Agent\ performs different\ Roles\ using different\ Names\ associated with the different Roles. Examples of an Agent performing a Role using different Names are rather ubiq- uitous, e.g., authors who write under different pseudonyms, or different legal names for citizens of more than one country. The proposed pattern is a modified merger of a standard Agent Role and a standard Name pattern stub.

}, author = {Rushrukh Rayan and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {915, title = {Openness and Transparency in Academic Publishing: A Decade of Data from the Semantic Web Journal}, year = {2023}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Cogan Shimizu and Abhilekha Dalal and Aaron Eberhart and Andrew Eells and Sanaz Saki Norouzi} } @proceedings {959, title = {Sustainable Grain Transportation in Ukraine Amidst War Utilizing KNARM and KnowWhereGraph}, journal = {Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023, WWW 2023}, year = {2023}, pages = {pp. 742-745}, address = {Austin, TX, USA}, author = {Yinglun Zhang and Antonina Broyaka and Jude Kasten and Allen Featherstone and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Hande Kucuk McGinty} } @conference {949, title = {The Wikibase approach to the Enslaved.Org Hub Knowledge Graph}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web {\textendash} ISWC 2023 {\textendash} 22nd International Semantic Web Conference, Athens, Greece, November 6-10, 2023}, volume = {Proceedings, Part II. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 14266, Springer 2023}, year = {2023}, pages = {419-434}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Seila Gonzalez-Estrecha and Jeff Goeke-Smith and Dean Rehberger and Catherine Foley and Alicia Sheill} } @article {894, title = {Diverse data! Diverse schemata?}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {13}, year = {2022}, pages = {1{\textendash}3}, doi = {10.3233/SW-210453}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-210453}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Gengchen Mai and Shirly Stephen and Rui Zhu and Ling Cai and Lu Zhou and Mark Schildhauer and Zilong Liu and Zhangyu Wang and Meilin Shi} } @article {951, title = {Group D: NIEM Ontology}, year = {2022}, month = {09/2022}, pages = {31-40}, author = {Nariman Ammar and Tom Carlson and Kevin Doubleday and Katherine Escobar and Nat Fuller and Michael Grove and Brian Handspicker and Dave Hardy and Jeff Heflin and Pascal Hitzler and Sharat Israni and Eric Jahn and Ora Lassila and Timothy Lebo and Chengkai Li and Christina Medlin and Art Murray and Ron Rudnicki and Lauren Sanders and Mark Schildhauer and Greg Seaton and Cogan Shimizu and Karthik Soman and Paul Wormeli} } @article {977, title = {Know, Know Where, Knowwheregraph: {A} Densely Connected, Cross-Domain Knowledge Graph and Geo-Enrichment Service Stack for Applications in Environmental Intelligence}, journal = {AI Mag.}, volume = {43}, year = {2022}, pages = {30{\textendash}39}, doi = {10.1609/AIMAG.V43I1.19120}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v43i1.19120}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Wenwen Li and Dean Rehberger and Mark Schildhauer and Rui Zhu and Cogan Shimizu and Colby K. Fisher and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Joseph Zalewski and Lu Zhou and Shirly Stephen and Seila Gonzalez Estrecha and Bryce D. Mecum and Anna Lopez-Carr and Andrew Schroeder and Dave Smith and Dawn J. Wright and Sizhe Wang and Yuanyuan Tian and Zilong Liu and Meilin Shi and Anthony D{\textquoteright}Onofrio and Zhining Gu and Kitty Currier} } @article {887, title = {Know, Know Where, KnowWhereGraph: A Densely Connected, Cross-Domain Knowledge Graph and Geo-Enrichment Service Stack for Applications in Environmental Intelligence}, journal = {AI Magazine}, year = {2022}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Wenwen Li and Dean Rehberger and Mark Schildhauer and Rui Zhu and Cogan Shimizu and Colby K. Fisher and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Joseph Zalewski and Lu Zhou and Shirly Stephen and Seila Gonzalez and Bryce Mecum and Anna Lopez Carr and Andrew Schroeder and Dave Smith and Dawn Wright and Sizhe Wang and Yuanyuan Tian and Zilong Liu and Meilin Shi and Anthony D{\textquoteright}Onofrio and Zhining Gu} } @article {950, title = {Open Knowledge Network Roadmap: Powering The Next Data Revolution}, year = {2022}, author = {Chaitan Baru and Lara Campbell and Wo Chang and Tess DeBlank-Knowles and Jemin George and Martin Halbert and Kat Albrecht and Luis Amaral and Nariman Ammar and Todd Bacastow and Sergio Baranzini and Matt Bishop and Michael Cafarella and Silviu Cucerzan and Ying Ding and Brian Handspicker and Oktie Hassanzadeh and Pascal Hitzler and Florence Hudson and Sharat Israni and Angela Rizk-Jackson and Esther Jackson and Eric Jahn and Krzysztof Janowicz and Bandana Kar and Sam Klein and Matthew Lange and Ora Lassila and Chengkai Li and Ryan McGranaghan and Murat Omay and Adam Pah and Louiqa Raschid and Glenn Ricart and Emanuel Sallinger and Greg Seaton and Cogan Shimizu and Amanda Stahopoulos and Paul Wormeli and Lilit Yeghiazarian and Ellie Young and Pamela Livingston and Douglas Maughan and Shelby Smith} } @proceedings {962, title = {A Pattern for Modeling Computational Observations}, journal = {Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns, WOP2022, at the 21st International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2022}, year = {2022}, month = {10/2022}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Charles Vardeman II} } @proceedings {961, title = {A Pattern for Representing Scientific Taxonomies}, journal = {Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns, WOP2022, at the 21st International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2022}, year = {2022}, month = {10/2022}, author = {Shirly Stephen and Cogan Shimizu and Mark Schildhauer and Rui Zhu and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {863, title = {Advancing Agriculture through Semantic Data Management}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, type = {Editorial}, chapter = {1}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Ajay Sharda and Cogan Shimizu} } @proceedings {871, title = {Aligning Patterns to the Wikibase Model}, journal = {Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns}, year = {2021}, author = {Andrew Eells and Cogan Shimizu and Lu Zhou and Pascal Hitzler and Seila Gonzalez Estrecha and Dean Rehberger} } @conference {880, title = {Automatically Generating Human Readable Documentation for Ontology Design Patterns}, booktitle = {International Semantic Web Conference Poster and Demos}, year = {2021}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {968, title = {Automatically Generating Human Readable Documentation for Ontology Design Patterns}, year = {2021}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {867, title = {Bridging Upper Ontology and Modular Ontology Modeling: A Tool and Evaluation}, booktitle = {KGSWC-2021}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

Ontologies are increasingly used as schema for knowledge graphs in many application areas. As such, there are a variety of different approaches for their development. In this paper, we describe and evaluate UAO (for Upper Ontology Alignment Tool), which is an extension to CoModIDE, a graphical prote{\textquoteright}ge{\textquoteright}\ plugin for modular ontology modeling. UAO enables ontology engineers to combine modular ontology modeling with a more traditional ontology modeling approach based on upper ontologies. We posit -- and our evaluation supports this claim -- that the tool does indeed makes it easier to combine both approaches. Thus, UAO enables a best-of-both-worlds approach. The evaluation consists of a user study, and the results show that performing typical manual alignment modeling tasks is relatively easier with UAO than doing it with porte{\textquoteright}ge{\textquoteright} alone, in terms of the time required to complete the task and improving the correctness of the output. Additionally, our test subjects provided significantly higher ratings on the System Utilization Scale for UOA.

}, author = {Abhilekha Dalal and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {869, title = {Environmental Observations in Knowledge Graphs}, booktitle = {DaMaLOS 2021 @ ISWC}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

The notion of Linked Open Science rests on the assumption that Linked Data principles contribute to science and scientific data management in several distinct ways (e.g., by adding rich semantics to improve retrieval and reuse of data). This begs the question of the right level of granularity for such semantic enrichment. On the one extreme of the spectrum, one may provide semantic annotations on the level of entire datasets to improve retrieval while leaving the actual data untouched. On the other end, one may semantically describe every single datum, such as a particular observation leading to data that supports reasoning, automated conflation, and so on, while, at the same time, dramatically increasing the size of data, including redundancy. This paper reports on our experience in modeling heterogeneous environmental data using a semantically-enabled observation framework, namely the SOSA ontology and its extensions to handle observation collections. We discuss different means of using these observation collections and compare their pros and cons in terms of data size and ease of querying.\ 

}, author = {Rui Zhu and Shirly Stephen Ambrose and Lu Zhou and Cogan Shimizu and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Mark Schildhauer} } @conference {860, title = {Expressibility of OWL Axioms with Patterns}, booktitle = {ESWC 2021}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

The high expressivity of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) makes it possible to describe complex relationships between classes, roles, and individuals in an ontology. However, this high expressivity can be an obstacle to correct usage and wide adoption. Past attempts to ameliorate this have included the development of specific, presumably human-friendly syntaxes, such as the Manchester syntax or graphical interfaces for OWL axioms, albeit with limited success. If modelers want to develop suitable OWL axioms it is important to make this as easy as possible. In this paper, we adopt an idea from the Prot{\'e}g{\'e} plug-in, OWLAx, which provides a simple, clickable interface to automatically input axioms of a limited number of types by following simple axiom patterns. In particular, each of these axiom patterns contains at most three classes or roles. We hypothesize that most of the axioms in existing ontologies could be expressed semantically in terms of simple patterns like these, which would mean that more complex patterns can be used very sparingly. Our findings, based on an analysis of 518 ontologies from six public ontology repositories, confirm this hypothesis: Over 90\% of class axioms in the average ontology are indeed expressible with our simple patterns. We provide a detailed analysis of our findings.

}, author = {Aaron Eberhart and Cogan Shimizu and Sulogna Chowdhury and Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {877, title = {InK Browser - The Interactive Knowledge Browser}, booktitle = {International Semantic Web Conference}, volume = {20}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

We present an improved implementation of the Interactive Knowledge Browser (InK Browser), a tool for exploring knowledge graphs visually, using a schema diagram.

}, author = {Joseph Zalewski and Lu Zhou and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {861, title = {Modular Ontology Modeling}, journal = {Semantic Web}, year = {2021}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Karl Hammar and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {858, title = {Open Science data and the Semantic Web journal}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {12(3)}, year = {2021}, month = {2021}, type = {Editorial}, chapter = {401-402}, doi = {10.3233/SW-210427}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Cogan Shimizu and Lu Zhou and Andrew Eells} } @conference {900, title = {A Pattern for Features on a Hierarchical Spatial Grid}, booktitle = {The 10th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs, IJCKG 2021, December 6-8, 2021, Virtual Event, Thailand}, year = {2021}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Rui Zhu and Gengchen Mai and Mark Schildhauer and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {881, title = {A Pattern for Modeling Causal Relations Between Events}, booktitle = {13th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns}, year = {2021}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Rui Zhu and Genchen Mai and Mark Schildhauer and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {899, title = {SOSA-SHACL: Shapes Constraint for the Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator Ontology}, booktitle = {The 10th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs, IJCKG 2021, December 6-8, 2021, Virtual Event, Thailand}, year = {2021}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, author = {Rui Zhu and Cogan Shimizu and Shirly Stephen and Lu Zhou and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Krzysztof Janowicz and Mark Schildhauer and Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {870, title = {Toward Undifferentiated Cognitive Models}, journal = {International Conference on Cognitive Modeling}, year = {2021}, edition = {19}, abstract = {Autonomous systems are a new frontier for pushing sociotechnical advancement. Such systems will eventually become pervasive, involved in everything from manufacturing, healthcare, defense, and even research itself. However, proliferation is stifled by the high development costs and the resulting inflexibility of the produced systems. The current time needed to create and integrate state of the art autonomous systems that operate as team members in complex situations is a 3-15 year development period, often requiring humans to adapt to limitations in the resulting systems. A new research thrust in interactive task learning (ITL) has begun, calling for natural human-autonomy interaction to facilitate system flexibility and minimize users{\textquoteright} complexity in providing autonomous systems with new tasks. We discuss the development of an undifferentiated agent with a modular framework as a method of approaching that goal.}, author = {Colin Kupitz and Aaron Eberhart and Daniel Schmidt and Christopher Stevens and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Dario Salvucci and Benji Maruyama and Chris Myers} } @inbook {826, title = {Towards a Modular Ontology for Space Weather Research}, booktitle = {Advances in Ontology Design Patterns}, year = {2021}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Ryan McGranaghan and Aaron Eberhart and Adam C. Kellerman} } @mastersthesis {807, title = {Advances in modular ontology engineering: methodology and infrastructure}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2020}, month = {08/2020}, pages = {175}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Cumulative}, address = {Manhattan}, abstract = {

Modular ontology engineering is a methodology for producing highly reusable knowledge graph schema. Over the course of this dissertation, we outline a number of contributions that have improved the process to what we see today. These contributions fall within four categories: conveying meaning through schema diagrams, the composition of a modular ontology, the modular ontology engineering methodology, and modular graphical modeling.

First, we created an improved method and tool for generating schema diagrams similar to those manually generated by humans and show that most of OWL, as it is used in real world ontologies, are expressible in this format.

Next, we examined and improved the ontology design pattern development process. This was accomplished through the development of both patterns and modules, extensions to the ontology design pattern representation language, and a tool that significantly improves the usability of these annotations. This work culminated in MODL: a modular ontology design library, which is a distributable set of curated, well-documented ODPs, both novel and drawn from the ontology design pattern portal.

These advances were combined, and building upon the state of the art, to create the Comprehensive Modular Ontology Design IDE (CoModIDE), which is a plugin for the industry-standard ontology editor, Protege.\ 

Finally, as a culmination of the tool and the methodology, we evaluated CoModIDE, where it was shown to significantly improve outcomes for experienced and new ontology developers when developing modular ontologies.

Altogether, these research topics, resulted in a methodology, that when executed, produced actually reusable, extendable, and adaptable ontologies.\ 

}, author = {Cogan Shimizu} } @proceedings {770, title = {Completion Reasoning Emulation for the Description Logic EL+}, journal = {Proceedings of the AAAI 2020 Spring Symposium on Combining Machine Learning and Knowledge Engineering in Practice}, volume = {2600}, year = {2020}, month = {03/2020}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA}, abstract = {

We present a new approach to integrating deep learning with knowledge-based systems that we believe shows promise. Our approach seeks to emulate reasoning structure, which can be inspected part-way through, rather than simply learning reasoner answers, which is typical in many of the black-box systems currently in use. We demonstrate that this idea is feasible by training a long short-term memory (LSTM) artificial neural network to learn EL+ reasoning patterns with two different data sets. We also show that this trained system is resistant to noise by corrupting a percentage of the test data and comparing the reasoner{\textquoteright}s and LSTM{\textquoteright}s predictions on corrupt data with correct answers.

}, keywords = {Deep Learning, Description Logic, EL+, LSTM, NeSy, Reasoning}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2600/paper5.pdf}, author = {Aaron Eberhart and Monireh Ebrahimi and Lu Zhou and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {825, title = {Data Integration with Knowledge Graphs: A Space Weather Use-case}, year = {2020}, address = {American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting 2020}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Ryan McGranaghan and Adam C. Kellerman} } @conference {819, title = {A Domain Ontology for Task Instructions}, booktitle = {KGSWC}, year = {2020}, abstract = { Knowledge graphs and ontologies represent information in a variety of different applications. One use case, the Intelligence, Surveillance, \& Reconnaissance: Mutli-Attribute Task Battery (ISR-MATB), comes from Cognitive Science, where researchers use interdisciplinary methods to understand the mind and cognition. The ISR-MATB is a set of tasks that a cognitive or human agent perform which test visual, auditory, and memory capabilities. An ontology can represent a cognitive agent{\textquoteright}s background knowledge of the task it was instructed to perform and act as an interchange format between different Cognitive Agent tasks similar to ISR-MATB. We present several modular patterns for representing ISR-MATB task instructions, as well as a unified diagram that links them together.}, author = {Aaron Eberhart and Cogan Shimizu and Christopher Stevens and Pascal Hitzler and Christopher W. Myers and Benji Maruyam} } @conference {788, title = {The Enslaved Dataset: A Real-world Complex Ontology Alignment Benchmark using Wikibase}, booktitle = {29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management}, year = {2020}, month = {10/2020}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, author = {Lu Zhou and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Alicia M Sheill and Seila Gonzalez Estrecha and Catherine Foley and Duncan Tarr and Dean Rehberger} } @article {784, title = {The Enslaved Ontology: Peoples of the Historic Slave Trade}, journal = {Journal of Web Semantics}, volume = {63}, year = {2020}, month = {08/2020}, abstract = {

We present the Enslaved Ontology (V1.0) which was developed for integrating data about the historic slave trade from diverse sources in a use case driven by historians. Ontology development followed modular ontology design principles as derived from ontology design pattern application best practices and the eXtreme Design Methodology. Ontology content focuses on data about historic persons and the event records from which this data can be taken. It also incorporates provenance modeling and some temporal and spatial aspects. The ontology is available as serialized in the Web Ontology Language OWL, and carries modularization annotations using the Ontology Pattern Language (OPLa). It is available under the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license.

}, keywords = {data integration, digital humanities, history of the slave trade, modular ontology, Ontology Design Patterns}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2020.100567}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Quinn Hirt and Dean Rehberger and Seila Gonzalez Estrecha and Catherine Foley and Alicia M. Sheill and Walter Hawthorne and Jeff Mixter and Ethan Watrall and Ryan Carty and Duncan Tarr} } @conference {806, title = {Modular Graphical Ontology Engineering Evaluated}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web - 17th International Conference, ESWC 2020, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 31-June 4, 2020, Proceedings}, volume = {12123}, year = {2020}, pages = {20{\textendash}35}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-49461-2\2}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49461-2\2}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Karl Hammar and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Andreas Harth and Sabrina Kirrane and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo and Heiko Paulheim and Anisa Rula and Anna Lisa Gentile and Peter Haase and Michael Cochez} } @inbook {802, title = {Modular Ontology Modeling: A Tutorial}, booktitle = {Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning}, volume = {49}, year = {2020}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

We provide an in-depth example of modular ontology engineering with ontology design patterns. The style and content of this chapter is adapted from previous work and tutorials on Modular Ontology Modeling. It o ers expanded steps and updated tool information. The tutorial is largely self-contained, but assumes that the reader is familiar with the Web Ontology Language OWL; however, we do briefly review some foundational concepts. By the end of the tutorial, we expect
the reader to have an understanding of the underlying motivation and methodology for producing a modular ontology.

}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi} } @conference {816, title = {Modular Ontology Modeling Meets Upper Ontologies: The Upper Ontology Alignment Tool}, booktitle = {The 19th International Semantic Web Conference}, volume = {2721}, year = {2020}, month = {10/2020}, pages = {119-124}, abstract = {

We provide an extension to the Prote{\textquoteright}ge{\textquoteright}-based modular\ ontology engineering tool CoModIDE, in order to make it possible for ontology engineers to adhere to traditional ontology modeling processes based on upper or foundational ontologies. As a bridge between the more recently proposed modular ontology modeling approach and more classical ones based on foundational ontologies, it enables a best-of-both-worlds approach for ontology engineering.

}, author = {Abhilekha Dalal and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {823, title = {An Ontology of Instruction 1.0}, year = {2020}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Aaron Eberhart and Quinn Hirt and Christopher Stevens and Christopher W. Myers and Benji Maruyama and Colin Kupitz and Dario Salvucci} } @article {820, title = {Time is ripe to embrace the scientific approach in Applied Ontology}, journal = {Appl. Ontology}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, pages = {245{\textendash}249}, doi = {10.3233/AO-200237}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/AO-200237}, author = {Stefano Borgo and Pascal Hitzler and Cogan Shimizu} } @article {821, title = {Towards a Modular Ontology for Space Weather Research}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/2009.12285}, year = {2020}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.12285}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Ryan McGranaghan and Aaron Eberhart and Adam C. Kellerman} } @article {720, title = {A closer look at the Semantic Web journal{\textquoteright}s review process}, year = {2019}, doi = {10.3233/SW-180342}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-180342}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @conference {761, title = {CoModIDE - The Comprehensive Modular Ontology IDE}, booktitle = {18th International Semantic Web Conference: Satellite Events}, year = {2019}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Karl Hammar} } @conference {772, title = {Constrained State-Preserved Extreme Learning Machine}, booktitle = {31st IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, ICTAI 2019, Portland, OR, USA, November 4-6, 2019}, year = {2019}, pages = {752{\textendash}759}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/ICTAI.2019.00109}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTAI.2019.00109}, author = {Garrett Goodman and Cogan Shimizu and Iosif Papadakis Ktistakis} } @conference {773, title = {Extensions to the Ontology Design Pattern Representation Language}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns (WOP 2019) co-located with 18th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2019), Auckland, New Zealand, October 27, 2019}, volume = {2459}, year = {2019}, pages = {76{\textendash}75}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2459/short2.pdf}, author = {Quinn Hirt and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {747, title = {A Method for Automatically Generating Schema Diagrams for OWL Ontologies}, booktitle = {1st Iberoamerican Knowledge Graph and Semantic Web Conference (KGSWC)}, year = {2019}, month = {06/2019}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = {149-161}, address = {Villa Clara, Cuba}, abstract = {

Interest in Semantic Web technologies, including knowledge graphs and ontologies, is increasing rapidly in industry and academics. In order to support ontology engineers and domain experts, it is necessary to provide them with robust tools that facilitate the ontology engineering process. Often, the schema diagram of an ontology is the most important tool for quickly conveying the overall purpose of an ontology. In this paper, we present a method for programmatically generating a schema diagram from an OWL file. We evaluate its ability to generate schema diagrams similar to manually drawn schema diagrams and show that it outperforms VOWL and OWLGrEd. In addition, we provide a prototype implementation of this tool.

}, keywords = {design patterns, evaluation, implementation, ontology, schema diagrams, visualization}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Aaron Eberhart and Nazifa Karima and Quinn Hirt and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {760, title = {MODL: a Modular Ontology Design Library}, journal = {Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns}, year = {2019}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Quinn Hirt and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {703, title = {Caregiver Assessment Using Smart Gaming Technology: {A} Preliminary Approach}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1802.03051}, year = {2018}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.03051}, author = {Garrett Goodman and Abby Edwards and Cogan Shimizu and Tanvi Banerjee and Jennifer Hughes and William Romine and Larry Lawhorne} } @conference {707, title = {Modular Ontologies as a Bridge Between Human Conceptualization and Data}, booktitle = {Graph-Based Representation and Reasoning - 23rd International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2018, Edinburgh, UK, June 20-22, 2018, Proceedings}, volume = {10872}, year = {2018}, pages = {3{\textendash}6}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-91379-7\_1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91379-7\_1}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Cogan Shimizu} } @conference {704, title = {Ontology Design Patterns for Winston{\textquoteright}s Taxonomy Of Part-Whole Relations}, booktitle = {Emerging Topics in Semantic Technologies - ISWC 2018 Satellite Events [best papers from 13 of the workshops co-located with the ISWC 2018 conference]}, volume = {36}, year = {2018}, pages = {119{\textendash}129}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-894-5-119}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-894-5-119}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Clare Paul} } @conference {708, title = {A Prot{\'e}g{\'e} Plug-In for Annotating OWL Ontologies with OPLa}, booktitle = {ESWC (Satellite Events)}, volume = {11155}, year = {2018}, pages = {23{\textendash}27}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Quinn Hirt and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {705, title = {Towards a Comprehensive Modular Ontology {IDE} and Tool Suite}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium at ISWC 2018 co-located with 17th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2018), Monterey, USA, October 8th - to - 12th, 2018.}, volume = {2181}, year = {2018}, pages = {65{\textendash}72}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2181/paper-08.pdf}, author = {Cogan Shimizu} } @conference {706, title = {Towards a Pattern-Based Ontology for Chemical Laboratory Procedures}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns (WOP 2018) co-located with 17th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2018), Monterey, USA, October 9th, 2018.}, volume = {2195}, year = {2018}, pages = {40{\textendash}51}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2195/research_paper_1.pdf}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Leah McEwen and Quinn Hirt} } @conference {614, title = {An Ontology Design Pattern for Microblog Entries}, booktitle = {8th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns (WOP2017)}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

Due to the exponential growth of the Internet of Things and use of Social Media Platforms, observers have an unprecedented level of detailed information available on the behavior of communities. However, due to the highly heterogeneous nature and the immense volume of the data, a composite view is difficult to generate. Such a composite view would be exceptionally useful in the realms of insider threat detection, after-action forensics, and hazardous situation detection and avoidance. The Semantic Web, via ontology modeling, offers a powerful tool for fusing the disparate data sources and formats. To this end, we have created an ontology design pattern (ODP) for the modeling of a simple microblog entry. This ODP is intended to fit within an ecosystem for fusing social media, support advanced visualization, and provide a preliminary framework for trust assessment.

}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Michelle Cheatham} } @conference {655, title = {Rendering OWL in Description Logic Syntax}, booktitle = {ESWC 2017}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Matthew Horridge} } @mastersthesis {615, title = {Rendering OWL in LaTeX for Improved Readability: Extensions to the OWLAPI}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {2017}, month = {08/2017}, pages = {106}, school = {Wright State University}, address = {Dayton, Ohio}, abstract = {

As ontology engineering is inherently a multidisciplinary process, it is necessary to utilize multiple vehicles to present an ontology to a user. In order to examine the content of an ontology, formal logic renderings of the axioms appear to be a very helpful approach for some. This thesis introduces a number of incremental improvements to the OWLAPI{\textquoteright}s \LaTeX{} rendering framework in order to improve the readability, concision, and correctness of OWL files translated into Description Logic and First Order Logic. In addition, we examine the efficacy of these renderings as vehicles for understanding an ontology.

}, author = {Cogan Shimizu} } @conference {610, title = {A Modification to the Hazardous Situation ODP to Support Risk Assessment and Mitigation}, booktitle = {Workshop on Ontology Design Patterns (WOP)}, year = {2016}, month = {10/2016}, abstract = {

The Hazardous Situation ontology design pattern models the consequences of exposure of an object to a hazard. In its current form, the ODP is well suited for representing the consequences of exposure after the fact, which is very useful for applications such as damage assessment and recovery planning. In this work, we present a modification to this pattern that enables it to additionally support proactive questions central to risk assessment and mitigation planning.

}, keywords = {hazard, Ontology Design Pattern, risk assessment, risk mitigation}, author = {Michelle Cheatham and Ferguson, Holly and Charles, Vardeman and Cogan Shimizu} } @article {553, title = {Modified Hazardous Situation ODP}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

The Hazardous Situation ontology design pattern models the consequences of exposure of an object to a hazard. In its current form, the ODP is well suited for representing the consequences of exposure after the fact, which is very useful for applications such as damage assessment and recovery planning. In this work, we present a modification to this pattern that enables it to additionally support proactive questions central to risk assessment and mitigation planning.

}, author = {Michelle Cheatham and Ferguson, Holly and Vardeman, Charles and Cogan Shimizu} } @article {554, title = {Use case for the Modified Hazardous Situation ODP}, year = {2016}, author = {Michelle Cheatham and Cogan Shimizu and Holly Ferguson and Charles Vardeman} } @article {967, title = {InK Browser {\textendash} The Interactive Knowledge Browser}, pages = {Proceedings of the ISWC 2021 Posters, Demos and Industry Tracks: From Novel Ideas to Industrial Practice co-located with 20th In}, author = {Joseph Zalweski and Lu Zhou and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {966, title = {Knowledge Explorer: Exploring the 12-Billion-Statement KnowWhereGraph Using Faceted Search (demo paper)}, pages = {Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, SIGSPATIAL 2022}, address = {Seattle, Washington}, author = {Zilong Liu and Zhining Gu and Thomas Thelen and Seila Estrecha and Rui Zhu and Colby Fisher and Anthony D{\textquoteright}Onofrio and Cogan Shimizu and Krzysztof Janowicz and Mark Schildhauer and Shirly Stephen and Dean Rehberger and Wenwen Li and Pascal Hitzler} }