@conference {913, title = {Bridging RDF and Property Graphs: Linking KnowWhereGraph and SPOKE}, year = {Submitted}, author = {Shirly Stephen and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Karthik Soman and Peter W Rose and John H Morris and Sergio E Baranzini and Krzysztof Janowicz and Antrea Christou and Abhilekha Dalal and Kitty Currier and Mark Schildhauer} } @conference {905, title = {Explaining Deep Learning Hidden Neuron Activations using Concept Induction}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

One of the current key challenges in Explainable AI is in correctly interpreting activations of hidden neurons. It seems evident that accurate interpretations thereof would provide insights into the question what a deep learning system has internally detected as relevant on the input, thus lifting some of the black box character of deep learning systems.

The state of the art on this front indicates that hidden node activations appear to be interpretable in a way that makes sense to humans, at least in some cases. Yet, systematic automated methods that would be able to first hypothesize an interpretation of hidden neuron activations, and then verify it, are mostly missing.\ 

In this paper, we provide such a method and demonstrate that it provides meaningful interpretations. It is based on using large-scale background knowledge -- a class hierarchy of approx. 2 million classes curated from the Wikipedia Concept Hierarchy -- together with a symbolic reasoning approach called concept induction\ based on description logics that was originally developed for applications in the Semantic Web field.\ 

Our results show that we can automatically attach meaningful labels from the background knowledge to individual neurons in the dense layer of a Convolutional Neural Network through a hypothesis and verification process.

}, author = {Abhilekha Dalal and Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Adrita Barua and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {914, title = {KnowWhereGraph-Lite: A Perspective of the KnowWhereGraph}, year = {Submitted}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Shirly Stephen and Antrea Christou and Kitty Currier and Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad and Sanaz Saki Norouzi and Abhilekha Dalal and Adrita Barua and Colby K. Fisher and Anthony D{\textquoteright}Onofrio and Thomas Thelen and Krzysztof Janowicz and Dean Rehberger and Mark Schildhauer and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {800, title = {Ontology-based Data Organization for the Enslaved Project}, year = {In Press}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {934, title = {Conversational Ontology Alignment with ChatGPT}, year = {2023}, author = {Sanaz Saki Norouzi and Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {906, title = {The KnowWhereGraph Ontology}, year = {2023}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Shirly Stephen and Kitty Currier and Pascal Hitzler and Rui Zhu and Krzysztof Janowicz and Mark Schildhauer and Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad and Abhilekha Dalal and Adrita Barua and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Zhangyu Wang and Yuanyuan Tian and Sanaz Saki Norouzi and Zilong Liu and Meilin Shi and Colby K. Fisher} } @conference {916, title = {The KnowWhereGraph Ontology: A Showcase}, year = {2023}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Shirly Stephen and Rui Zhu and Kitty Currier and Mark Schildhauer and Dean Rehberger and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Colby K. Fisher and Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad and Antrea Christou and Adrita Barua and Abhilekha Dalal and Sanaz Saki Norouzi and Zilong Liu and Meilin Shi and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Zhangyu Wang and Yuanyuan Tian} } @article {912, title = {MMODS-O: A Modular Ontology for the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) {\textendash} Documentation}, year = {2023}, abstract = {

We are presenting the documentation for MMODS-O, an ontology derived from the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS, version 3.8), which is an XML Schema by The Library of Congress. The XML Schema concerns metadata pertaining to bibliographic elements, however it is also used for other purposes, for instance LCACommons which is an interagency community that focues on Life Cycle Analysis, National Agricultural Library -- require the metadata to be in MODS format. \ Our motivation for developing this ontology -- including how it relates to previous attempts -- will be described elsewhere. This documentation is intended for readers who are familiar with MODS XML schema.

}, author = {Rushrukh Rayan and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {911, title = {A Modular Ontology for MODS {\textendash} Metadata Object Description Schema}, year = {2023}, abstract = {

The Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) was developed to describe bibliographic concepts and metadata and is maintained by the Library of Congress. Its authoritative version is given as an XML schema based on an XML mindset which means that it has significant limitations for use in a knowledge graphs context. We have therefore developed the Modular MODS Ontology (MMODS-O) which incorporates all elements and attributes of the MODS XML schema. In designing the ontology, we adopt the recent Modular Ontology Design Methodology (MOMo) with the intention to strike a balance between modularity and quality ontology design on the one hand, and conservative backward compatibility with MODS on the other.\ 

}, author = {Rushrukh Rayan and Cogan Shimizu and Heidi Sieverding and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {910, title = {An Ontology Design Pattern for Role-Dependent Names}, year = {2023}, abstract = {

We present an ontology design pattern for modeling\ Names\ as part of\ Roles, to capture scenarios where an\ Agent\ performs different\ Roles\ using different\ Names\ associated with the different Roles. Examples of an Agent performing a Role using different Names are rather ubiq- uitous, e.g., authors who write under different pseudonyms, or different legal names for citizens of more than one country. The proposed pattern is a modified merger of a standard Agent Role and a standard Name pattern stub.

}, author = {Rushrukh Rayan and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {915, title = {Openness and Transparency in Academic Publishing: A Decade of Data from the Semantic Web Journal}, year = {2023}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Cogan Shimizu and Abhilekha Dalal and Aaron Eberhart and Andrew Eells and Sanaz Saki Norouzi} } @article {894, title = {Diverse data! Diverse schemata?}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {13}, year = {2022}, pages = {1{\textendash}3}, doi = {10.3233/SW-210453}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-210453}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Gengchen Mai and Shirly Stephen and Rui Zhu and Ling Cai and Lu Zhou and Mark Schildhauer and Zilong Liu and Zhangyu Wang and Meilin Shi} } @article {887, title = {Know, Know Where, KnowWhereGraph: A Densely Connected, Cross-Domain Knowledge Graph and Geo-Enrichment Service Stack for Applications in Environmental Intelligence}, journal = {AI Magazine}, year = {2022}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Wenwen Li and Dean Rehberger and Mark Schildhauer and Rui Zhu and Cogan Shimizu and Colby K. Fisher and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Joseph Zalewski and Lu Zhou and Shirly Stephen and Seila Gonzalez and Bryce Mecum and Anna Lopez Carr and Andrew Schroeder and Dave Smith and Dawn Wright and Sizhe Wang and Yuanyuan Tian and Zilong Liu and Meilin Shi and Anthony D{\textquoteright}Onofrio and Zhining Gu} } @conference {898, title = {LD Connect: A Linked Data Portal for IOS Press Scientometrics}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web - 19th International Conference, ESWC 2022, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, May 29 - June 2, 2022}, year = {2022}, month = {2022}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Zilong Liu and Meilin Shi and Krzysztof Janowicz and Gengchen Mai and Rui Zhu and Stephanie Delbeque and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {745, title = {Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning: A Survey and Interpretation}, booktitle = {Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: The State of the Art}, year = {2022}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Tarek R. Besold and Artur S. d{\textquoteright}Avila Garcez and Sebastian Bader and Howard Bowman and Pedro Domingos and Pascal Hitzler and Kai-Uwe K{\"u}hnberger and Lu{\'\i}s C. Lamb and Daniel Lowd and Priscila Machado Vieira Lima and Leo de Penning and Gadi Pinkas and Hoifung Poon and Gerson Zaverucha} } @article {897, title = {Neuro-symbolic approaches in artificial intelligence}, journal = {National Science Review}, volume = {9}, year = {2022}, month = {06/2022}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwac035}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/nsr/article/9/6/nwac035/6542460}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Aaron Eberhart and Monireh Ebrahimi and Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Lu Zhou} } @article {862, title = {Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Current Trends}, journal = {AI Communications}, volume = {34}, year = {2022}, month = {2022}, chapter = {197}, author = {Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Lu Zhou and Aaron Eberhart and Pascal Hitzler} } @book {901, title = {Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence - The State of the Art}, series = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications}, number = {342}, year = {2022}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, url = {https://www.iospress.com/catalog/books/neuro-symbolic-artificial-intelligence-the-state-of-the-art}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Md Kamruzzaman Sarker} } @article {863, title = {Advancing Agriculture through Semantic Data Management}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, type = {Editorial}, chapter = {1}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Ajay Sharda and Cogan Shimizu} } @proceedings {871, title = {Aligning Patterns to the Wikibase Model}, journal = {Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns}, year = {2021}, author = {Andrew Eells and Cogan Shimizu and Lu Zhou and Pascal Hitzler and Seila Gonzalez Estrecha and Dean Rehberger} } @conference {880, title = {Automatically Generating Human Readable Documentation for Ontology Design Patterns}, booktitle = {International Semantic Web Conference Poster and Demos}, year = {2021}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {867, title = {Bridging Upper Ontology and Modular Ontology Modeling: A Tool and Evaluation}, booktitle = {KGSWC-2021}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

Ontologies are increasingly used as schema for knowledge graphs in many application areas. As such, there are a variety of different approaches for their development. In this paper, we describe and evaluate UAO (for Upper Ontology Alignment Tool), which is an extension to CoModIDE, a graphical prote{\textquoteright}ge{\textquoteright}\ plugin for modular ontology modeling. UAO enables ontology engineers to combine modular ontology modeling with a more traditional ontology modeling approach based on upper ontologies. We posit -- and our evaluation supports this claim -- that the tool does indeed makes it easier to combine both approaches. Thus, UAO enables a best-of-both-worlds approach. The evaluation consists of a user study, and the results show that performing typical manual alignment modeling tasks is relatively easier with UAO than doing it with porte{\textquoteright}ge{\textquoteright} alone, in terms of the time required to complete the task and improving the correctness of the output. Additionally, our test subjects provided significantly higher ratings on the System Utilization Scale for UOA.

}, author = {Abhilekha Dalal and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {865, title = {On the Capabilities of Pointer Networks for Deep Deductive Reasoning}, journal = {arXiv}, year = {2021}, author = {Monireh Ebrahimi and Aaron Eberhart and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {869, title = {Environmental Observations in Knowledge Graphs}, booktitle = {DaMaLOS 2021 @ ISWC}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

The notion of Linked Open Science rests on the assumption that Linked Data principles contribute to science and scientific data management in several distinct ways (e.g., by adding rich semantics to improve retrieval and reuse of data). This begs the question of the right level of granularity for such semantic enrichment. On the one extreme of the spectrum, one may provide semantic annotations on the level of entire datasets to improve retrieval while leaving the actual data untouched. On the other end, one may semantically describe every single datum, such as a particular observation leading to data that supports reasoning, automated conflation, and so on, while, at the same time, dramatically increasing the size of data, including redundancy. This paper reports on our experience in modeling heterogeneous environmental data using a semantically-enabled observation framework, namely the SOSA ontology and its extensions to handle observation collections. We discuss different means of using these observation collections and compare their pros and cons in terms of data size and ease of querying.\ 

}, author = {Rui Zhu and Shirly Stephen Ambrose and Lu Zhou and Cogan Shimizu and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Mark Schildhauer} } @conference {860, title = {Expressibility of OWL Axioms with Patterns}, booktitle = {ESWC 2021}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

The high expressivity of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) makes it possible to describe complex relationships between classes, roles, and individuals in an ontology. However, this high expressivity can be an obstacle to correct usage and wide adoption. Past attempts to ameliorate this have included the development of specific, presumably human-friendly syntaxes, such as the Manchester syntax or graphical interfaces for OWL axioms, albeit with limited success. If modelers want to develop suitable OWL axioms it is important to make this as easy as possible. In this paper, we adopt an idea from the Prot{\'e}g{\'e} plug-in, OWLAx, which provides a simple, clickable interface to automatically input axioms of a limited number of types by following simple axiom patterns. In particular, each of these axiom patterns contains at most three classes or roles. We hypothesize that most of the axioms in existing ontologies could be expressed semantically in terms of simple patterns like these, which would mean that more complex patterns can be used very sparingly. Our findings, based on an analysis of 518 ontologies from six public ontology repositories, confirm this hypothesis: Over 90\% of class axioms in the average ontology are indeed expressible with our simple patterns. We provide a detailed analysis of our findings.

}, author = {Aaron Eberhart and Cogan Shimizu and Sulogna Chowdhury and Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {877, title = {InK Browser - The Interactive Knowledge Browser}, booktitle = {International Semantic Web Conference}, volume = {20}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

We present an improved implementation of the Interactive Knowledge Browser (InK Browser), a tool for exploring knowledge graphs visually, using a schema diagram.

}, author = {Joseph Zalewski and Lu Zhou and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {861, title = {Modular Ontology Modeling}, journal = {Semantic Web}, year = {2021}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Karl Hammar and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {856, title = {Neuro-Symbolic Deductive Reasoning for Cross-Knowledge Graph Entailment}, booktitle = {AAAI-MAKE 2021}, year = {2021}, publisher = {AAAI}, organization = {AAAI}, author = {Monireh Ebrahimi and Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Federico Bianchi and Ning Xie and Aaron Eberhart and Derek Doran and HyeongSik Kim and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {858, title = {Open Science data and the Semantic Web journal}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {12(3)}, year = {2021}, month = {2021}, type = {Editorial}, chapter = {401-402}, doi = {10.3233/SW-210427}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Cogan Shimizu and Lu Zhou and Andrew Eells} } @conference {900, title = {A Pattern for Features on a Hierarchical Spatial Grid}, booktitle = {The 10th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs, IJCKG 2021, December 6-8, 2021, Virtual Event, Thailand}, year = {2021}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Rui Zhu and Gengchen Mai and Mark Schildhauer and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {881, title = {A Pattern for Modeling Causal Relations Between Events}, booktitle = {13th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns}, year = {2021}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Rui Zhu and Genchen Mai and Mark Schildhauer and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {814, title = {Seed Patterns for Modeling Trees}, booktitle = {Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering}, year = {2021}, pages = {48-67}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, abstract = {Trees {\textendash} i.e., the type of data structure known under this name {\textendash} are central to many aspects of knowledge organization. We investigate some central design choices concerning the ontological modeling of such trees. In particular, we consider the limits of what is expressible in the Web Ontology Language and provide a reusable ontology design pattern for trees.}, author = {Aaron Eberhart and David Carral and Pascal Hitzler and Hilmar Lapp and Sebastian Rudolph} } @article {864, title = {Semantic Compression with Region Calculi in Nested Hierarchical Grids (Technical Report)}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

We propose the combining of region connection calculi with nested hierarchical grids for representing spatial region data in the context of knowledge graphs, thereby avoiding reliance on vector representations. We present a resulting region calculus, and provide qualitative and formal evidence that this representation can be favorable with large data volumes in the context of knowledge graphs; in particular we study means of efficiently choosing which triples to store to minimize space requirements when data is represented this way, and we provide an algorithm for finding the smallest possible set of triples for this purpose including an asymptotic measure of the size of this set for a special case. We prove that a known constraint calculus is adequate for the reconstruction of all triples describing a region from such a pruned representation, but problematic for reasoning with hierarchical grids in general.

}, keywords = {Hierarchical Grids, Knowledge Graphs, RCC5}, author = {Joseph Zalewski and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @conference {899, title = {SOSA-SHACL: Shapes Constraint for the Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator Ontology}, booktitle = {The 10th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs, IJCKG 2021, December 6-8, 2021, Virtual Event, Thailand}, year = {2021}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, author = {Rui Zhu and Cogan Shimizu and Shirly Stephen and Lu Zhou and Ling Cai and Gengchen Mai and Krzysztof Janowicz and Mark Schildhauer and Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {870, title = {Toward Undifferentiated Cognitive Models}, journal = {International Conference on Cognitive Modeling}, year = {2021}, edition = {19}, abstract = {Autonomous systems are a new frontier for pushing sociotechnical advancement. Such systems will eventually become pervasive, involved in everything from manufacturing, healthcare, defense, and even research itself. However, proliferation is stifled by the high development costs and the resulting inflexibility of the produced systems. The current time needed to create and integrate state of the art autonomous systems that operate as team members in complex situations is a 3-15 year development period, often requiring humans to adapt to limitations in the resulting systems. A new research thrust in interactive task learning (ITL) has begun, calling for natural human-autonomy interaction to facilitate system flexibility and minimize users{\textquoteright} complexity in providing autonomous systems with new tasks. We discuss the development of an undifferentiated agent with a modular framework as a method of approaching that goal.}, author = {Colin Kupitz and Aaron Eberhart and Daniel Schmidt and Christopher Stevens and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Dario Salvucci and Benji Maruyama and Chris Myers} } @article {855, title = {Towards Bridging the Neuro-Symbolic Gap: Deep Deductive Reasoners}, journal = {Applied Intelligence}, year = {2021}, author = {Monireh Ebrahimi and Aaron Eberhart and Federico Bianchi and Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {852, title = {AROA Results of OAEI 2020}, journal = {Ontology Matching}, year = {2020}, month = {12/2020}, publisher = {Springer}, author = {Lu Zhou and Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {770, title = {Completion Reasoning Emulation for the Description Logic EL+}, journal = {Proceedings of the AAAI 2020 Spring Symposium on Combining Machine Learning and Knowledge Engineering in Practice}, volume = {2600}, year = {2020}, month = {03/2020}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA}, abstract = {

We present a new approach to integrating deep learning with knowledge-based systems that we believe shows promise. Our approach seeks to emulate reasoning structure, which can be inspected part-way through, rather than simply learning reasoner answers, which is typical in many of the black-box systems currently in use. We demonstrate that this idea is feasible by training a long short-term memory (LSTM) artificial neural network to learn EL+ reasoning patterns with two different data sets. We also show that this trained system is resistant to noise by corrupting a percentage of the test data and comparing the reasoner{\textquoteright}s and LSTM{\textquoteright}s predictions on corrupt data with correct answers.

}, keywords = {Deep Learning, Description Logic, EL+, LSTM, NeSy, Reasoning}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2600/paper5.pdf}, author = {Aaron Eberhart and Monireh Ebrahimi and Lu Zhou and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {853, title = {Counterfactual reasoning over large-scale human performance optimization experiments}, journal = {Virtual poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, November 2020}, year = {2020}, author = {Ion Juvina and William R. Aue and Brandon Minnery and Pascal Hitzler and Srikanth Nadella and Md Kamruzzaman Sarker} } @conference {851, title = {CSSA{\textquoteright}20: Workshop on Combining Symbolic and Sub-Symbolic Methods and their Applications}, booktitle = {CIKM{\textquoteright}20: The 29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Virtual Event, Ireland, October 19-23, 2020}, year = {2020}, pages = {3523-3524}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, author = {Mehwish Alam and Paul Groth and Pascal Hitzler and Heiko Paulheim and Harald Sack and Volker Tresp} } @conference {819, title = {A Domain Ontology for Task Instructions}, booktitle = {KGSWC}, year = {2020}, abstract = { Knowledge graphs and ontologies represent information in a variety of different applications. One use case, the Intelligence, Surveillance, \& Reconnaissance: Mutli-Attribute Task Battery (ISR-MATB), comes from Cognitive Science, where researchers use interdisciplinary methods to understand the mind and cognition. The ISR-MATB is a set of tasks that a cognitive or human agent perform which test visual, auditory, and memory capabilities. An ontology can represent a cognitive agent{\textquoteright}s background knowledge of the task it was instructed to perform and act as an interchange format between different Cognitive Agent tasks similar to ISR-MATB. We present several modular patterns for representing ISR-MATB task instructions, as well as a unified diagram that links them together.}, author = {Aaron Eberhart and Cogan Shimizu and Christopher Stevens and Pascal Hitzler and Christopher W. Myers and Benji Maruyam} } @conference {788, title = {The Enslaved Dataset: A Real-world Complex Ontology Alignment Benchmark using Wikibase}, booktitle = {29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management}, year = {2020}, month = {10/2020}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, author = {Lu Zhou and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Alicia M Sheill and Seila Gonzalez Estrecha and Catherine Foley and Duncan Tarr and Dean Rehberger} } @article {784, title = {The Enslaved Ontology: Peoples of the Historic Slave Trade}, journal = {Journal of Web Semantics}, volume = {63}, year = {2020}, month = {08/2020}, abstract = {

We present the Enslaved Ontology (V1.0) which was developed for integrating data about the historic slave trade from diverse sources in a use case driven by historians. Ontology development followed modular ontology design principles as derived from ontology design pattern application best practices and the eXtreme Design Methodology. Ontology content focuses on data about historic persons and the event records from which this data can be taken. It also incorporates provenance modeling and some temporal and spatial aspects. The ontology is available as serialized in the Web Ontology Language OWL, and carries modularization annotations using the Ontology Pattern Language (OPLa). It is available under the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license.

}, keywords = {data integration, digital humanities, history of the slave trade, modular ontology, Ontology Design Patterns}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2020.100567}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Quinn Hirt and Dean Rehberger and Seila Gonzalez Estrecha and Catherine Foley and Alicia M. Sheill and Walter Hawthorne and Jeff Mixter and Ethan Watrall and Ryan Carty and Duncan Tarr} } @conference {792, title = {A Framework for Explainable Deep Neural Models Using External Knowledge Graphs}, booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Multi-Domain Operations Applications, SPIE}, year = {2020}, author = {Zachary A. Daniels and Logan D. Frank and Christopher J. Menart and Michael Raymer and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {811, title = {A Functional API for OWL}, journal = {The 19th International Semantic Web Conference}, volume = {2721}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We present (f OWL), a minimalistic, functional programming style ontology editor that is based directly on the OWL 2 Structural Specification. (f OWL) is written from scratch, entirely in Clojure, having no other dependencies. Ontologies in (f OWL) are implemented as standalone and homogeneous data structures, which means that the same exact functions written for single axioms or expressions often work identically on any part of an ontology, even the entire ontology itself. The lazy functional style of Clojure also allows for intuitive and simple ontology creation and modification with a minimal memory footprint. All of this is possible without ever needing to use a single class, except of course in the Ontologies one creates!}, author = {Aaron Eberhart and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {789, title = {GeoLink Cruises: A Non-Synthetic Benchmark for Co-Reference Resolution on Knowledge Graphs}, booktitle = {International conference on information and knowledge management}, year = {2020}, month = {10/2020}, publisher = {ACM DL}, organization = {ACM DL}, author = {Reihaneh Amini and Lu Zhou and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {755, title = {GeoLink Dataset: A Complex Alignment Benchmark from Real-world Ontology}, journal = {Data Intelligence }, year = {2020}, author = {Lu Zhou and Michelle Cheatham and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {791, title = {Gold-Level Open Access at the Semantic Web Journal}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, url = {http://www.semantic-web-journal.net/content/gold-level-open-access-semantic-web-journal}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler} } @book {795, title = {Knowledge Graphs for eXplainable Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Applications and Challenges}, series = {Studies on the Semantic Web}, volume = {47}, year = {2020}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, url = {https://www.iospress.nl/book/knowledge-graphs-for-explainable-artificial-intelligence-foundations-applications-and-challenges/}, author = {Ilaria Tiddi and Freddy L{\'e}cu{\'e} and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {806, title = {Modular Graphical Ontology Engineering Evaluated}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web - 17th International Conference, ESWC 2020, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 31-June 4, 2020, Proceedings}, volume = {12123}, year = {2020}, pages = {20{\textendash}35}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-49461-2\2}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49461-2\2}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Karl Hammar and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Andreas Harth and Sabrina Kirrane and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo and Heiko Paulheim and Anisa Rula and Anna Lisa Gentile and Peter Haase and Michael Cochez} } @inbook {802, title = {Modular Ontology Modeling: A Tutorial}, booktitle = {Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning}, volume = {49}, year = {2020}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

We provide an in-depth example of modular ontology engineering with ontology design patterns. The style and content of this chapter is adapted from previous work and tutorials on Modular Ontology Modeling. It o ers expanded steps and updated tool information. The tutorial is largely self-contained, but assumes that the reader is familiar with the Web Ontology Language OWL; however, we do briefly review some foundational concepts. By the end of the tutorial, we expect
the reader to have an understanding of the underlying motivation and methodology for producing a modular ontology.

}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi} } @conference {816, title = {Modular Ontology Modeling Meets Upper Ontologies: The Upper Ontology Alignment Tool}, booktitle = {The 19th International Semantic Web Conference}, volume = {2721}, year = {2020}, month = {10/2020}, pages = {119-124}, abstract = {

We provide an extension to the Prote{\textquoteright}ge{\textquoteright}-based modular\ ontology engineering tool CoModIDE, in order to make it possible for ontology engineers to adhere to traditional ontology modeling processes based on upper or foundational ontologies. As a bridge between the more recently proposed modular ontology modeling approach and more classical ones based on foundational ontologies, it enables a best-of-both-worlds approach for ontology engineering.

}, author = {Abhilekha Dalal and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {775, title = {Multimodal mental health analysis in social media}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helvetica}

Depression is a major public health concern in the U.S. and globally. While successful early

identification and treatment can lead to many positive health and behavioral outcomes,

depression, remains undiagnosed, untreated or undertreated due to several reasons,

including denial of the illness as well as cultural and social stigma. With the ubiquity of social

media platforms, millions of people are now sharing their online persona by expressing their

thoughts, moods, emotions, and even their daily struggles with mental health on social

media. Unlike traditional observational cohort studies conducted through questionnaires

and self-reported surveys, we explore the reliable detection of depressive symptoms from

tweets obtained, unobtrusively. Particularly, we examine and exploit multimodal big (social)

data to discern depressive behaviors using a wide variety of features including individuallevel

demographics. By developing a multimodal framework and employing statistical techniques

to fuse heterogeneous sets of features obtained through the processing of visual,

textual, and user interaction data, we significantly enhance the current state-of-the-art

approaches for identifying depressed individuals on Twitter (improving the average F1-

Score by 5 percent) as well as facilitate demographic inferences from social media. Besides

providing insights into the relationship between demographics and mental health, our

research assists in the design of a new breed of demographic-aware health interventions.

}, keywords = {Explainable Machine Learning, Hypothesis Testing, National Language Processing, Prediction, Regression}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226248\&type=printable}, author = {Amir Hossein Yazdavar and Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad and Goonmeet Baja and William Romine and Amit Sheth and Amir Hassan Monadjemi and Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan and John M. Meddar and Annie Myers and Jyotishman Pathak and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {790, title = {Neural-Symbolic Integration and the Semantic Web}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, url = {http://www.semantic-web-journal.net/content/neural-symbolic-integration-and-semantic-web-0}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Federico Bianchi and Monireh Ebrahimi and Md Kamruzzaman Sarker} } @article {823, title = {An Ontology of Instruction 1.0}, year = {2020}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Aaron Eberhart and Quinn Hirt and Christopher Stevens and Christopher W. Myers and Benji Maruyama and Colin Kupitz and Dario Salvucci} } @proceedings {854, title = {Results of theOntology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2020}, journal = {15th International Workshop on Ontology Matching}, year = {2020}, author = {Mina Abd Nikooie Pour and Alsayed Algergawy and Reihaneh Amini and Daniel Faria and Irini Fundulaki and Ian Harrow and Sven Hertling and Ernesto Jim{\'e}nez-Ruiz and Clement Jonquet and Naouel Karam and Abderrahmane Khiat and Amir Laadhar and Patrick Lambrix and Huanyu Li and Ying Li and Pascal Hitzler and Heiko Paulheim and Catia Pesquita and Tzanina Saveta and Pavel Shvaiko and Andrea Splendiani and Elodie Thieblin and Cassia Trojahn and Jana Vatascinova and Beyza Yaman and Ondrej Zamazal and Lu Zhou} } @article {805, title = { A Review Of The Semantic Web Field}, journal = {Communications of the ACM}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

We review two decades of Semantic Web research and applications, discuss relationships to some other disciplines, and current challenges in the field.

}, author = {Pascal Hitzler} } @article {820, title = {Time is ripe to embrace the scientific approach in Applied Ontology}, journal = {Appl. Ontology}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, pages = {245{\textendash}249}, doi = {10.3233/AO-200237}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/AO-200237}, author = {Stefano Borgo and Pascal Hitzler and Cogan Shimizu} } @conference {813, title = {Wikipedia Knowledge Graph for Explainable AI}, booktitle = {Second Iberoamerican Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web Conference (KGSWC)}, year = {2020}, month = {11/2020}, abstract = {

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) requires domain information to explain a system{\textquoteright}s decisions, for which structured forms of domain information like Knowledge Graphs (KGs) or ontologies are best suited. As such, readily available KGs are important to accelerate progress in XAI. To facilitate the advancement of XAI, we present the Wikipedia Knowledge Graph (WKG), based on information from English Wikipedia. Each Wikipedia article title, its corresponding category, and the category hierarchy are transformed into different entities in the knowledge graph. As the Wikipedia category hierarchy is not a tree, instead forming a graph, to make the finding process of the parent category easier, we break cycles in the category hierarchy. We evaluate whether the WKG is helpful to improve XAI compared with existing KGs, finding that WKG is better suited than the current state of the art. We also compare the cycle-free WKG with the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) and DBpedia schema KGs, finding minimal to no information loss.

}, author = {Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Joshua Schwartz and Pascal Hitzler and Lu Zhou and Srikanth Nadella and Brandon Minnery and Ion Juvina and Michael L. Raymer and William R. Aue} } @conference {769, title = {AROA Results of 2019 OAEI}, booktitle = {Ontology Matching}, year = {2019}, publisher = {CEUR}, organization = {CEUR}, address = {Auckland, New Zealand}, author = {Lu Zhou and Michelle Cheatham and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {741, title = {On the Capabilities of Logic Tensor Networks for Deductive Reasoning}, booktitle = {AAAI Spring Symposium 2019}, year = {2019}, author = {Bianchi, Federico and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {720, title = {A closer look at the Semantic Web journal{\textquoteright}s review process}, year = {2019}, doi = {10.3233/SW-180342}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-180342}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @conference {793, title = {Complementing Logical Reasoning with Sub-symbolic Commonsense}, booktitle = {Rules and Reasoning - Third International Joint Conference, RuleML+RR 2019, Bolzano, Italy, September 16-19, 2019}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Federico Bianchi and Matteo Palmonari and Pascal Hitzler and Luciano Serafini} } @conference {713, title = {Efficient Concept Induction for Description Logics}, booktitle = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {33}, year = {2019}, month = {01/2019}, publisher = {AAAI}, organization = {AAAI}, address = {Honolulu, US}, abstract = {

Concept Induction refers to the problem of creating complex Description Logic class descriptions (i.e., TBox axioms) from instance examples (i.e.,\  ABox data). In this paper we look particularly at the case where both a set of positive and a set of negative instances are given, and complex class expressions are sought under which the positive but not the negative examples fall. Concept induction has found applications in ontology engineering, but existing algorithms have fundamental performance issues in some scenarios, mainly because a high number of invokations of an external Description Logic reasoner is usually required. In this paper we present a new algorithm for this problem which drastically reduces the number of reasoner invokations needed. While this comes at the expense of a more limited traversal of the search space, we show that our approach improves execution times by up to several orders of magnitude, while output correctness, measured in the amount of correct coverage of the input instances, remains reasonably high in many cases. Our approach thus should provide a strong alternative to existing systems, in particular in settings where other systems are prohibitively slow.

}, author = {Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {773, title = {Extensions to the Ontology Design Pattern Representation Language}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns (WOP 2019) co-located with 18th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2019), Auckland, New Zealand, October 27, 2019}, volume = {2459}, year = {2019}, pages = {76{\textendash}75}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2459/short2.pdf}, author = {Quinn Hirt and Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {747, title = {A Method for Automatically Generating Schema Diagrams for OWL Ontologies}, booktitle = {1st Iberoamerican Knowledge Graph and Semantic Web Conference (KGSWC)}, year = {2019}, month = {06/2019}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = {149-161}, address = {Villa Clara, Cuba}, abstract = {

Interest in Semantic Web technologies, including knowledge graphs and ontologies, is increasing rapidly in industry and academics. In order to support ontology engineers and domain experts, it is necessary to provide them with robust tools that facilitate the ontology engineering process. Often, the schema diagram of an ontology is the most important tool for quickly conveying the overall purpose of an ontology. In this paper, we present a method for programmatically generating a schema diagram from an OWL file. We evaluate its ability to generate schema diagrams similar to manually drawn schema diagrams and show that it outperforms VOWL and OWLGrEd. In addition, we provide a prototype implementation of this tool.

}, keywords = {design patterns, evaluation, implementation, ontology, schema diagrams, visualization}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Aaron Eberhart and Nazifa Karima and Quinn Hirt and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {760, title = {MODL: a Modular Ontology Design Library}, journal = {Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns}, year = {2019}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Quinn Hirt and Pascal Hitzler} } @book {796, title = {The Semantic Web. 16th International Conference, ESWC 2019, Portoroz, Slovenia, June 2-6, 2019, Proceedings}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, volume = {11503}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Miriam Fernandez and Krzysztof Janowicz and Amrapali Zaveri and Alasdair Gray and Vanessa Lopez and Armin Haller and Karl Hammar} } @book {797, title = {The Semantic Web: ESWC 2019 Satellite Events. Portoroz, Slovenia, June 2-6, 2019, Revised Selected Papers}, series = {Lecture Notes In Computer Science}, volume = {11762}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Sabrina Kirrane and Olaf Hartig and Victor de Boer and Maria-Esther Vidal and Maria Maleshkova and Stefan Schlobach and Karl Hammar and Nelia Lasierra and Steffen Stadtm{\"u}ller and Katja Hose and Ruben Verborgh} } @conference {767, title = {Towards Association Rule-Based Complex Ontology Alignment}, booktitle = {Joint International Semantic Technology Conference}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Hangzhou, China}, author = {Lu Zhou and Michelle Cheatham and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {694, title = {A Complex Alignment Benchmark: Geolink dataset}, booktitle = {ISWC}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Lu Zhou and Michelle Cheatham and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {742, title = {Formal Ontology in Information Systems - Proceedings of the 10th International Conference, FOIS 2018, Cape Town, South Africa, 19-21 September 2018}, journal = {FOIS 2018}, year = {2018}, publisher = {IOS Press}, author = {Stefano Borgo and Pascal Hitzler and Oliver Kutz} } @article {691, title = {The GeoLink Knowledge Graph}, journal = {Big Earth Data}, year = {2018}, author = {Michelle Cheatham and Adila Krisnadhi and Reihaneh Amini and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Adam Shepherd and Tom Narock and Matt Jones and Peng Ji} } @article {715, title = {The GeoLink Knowledge Graph}, journal = {Big Earth Data}, year = {2018}, author = {Michelle Cheatham and Adila Krisnadhi and Reihaneh Amini and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Adam Shepherd and Tom Narock and Matt Jones and Peng Ji} } @conference {707, title = {Modular Ontologies as a Bridge Between Human Conceptualization and Data}, booktitle = {Graph-Based Representation and Reasoning - 23rd International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2018, Edinburgh, UK, June 20-22, 2018, Proceedings}, volume = {10872}, year = {2018}, pages = {3{\textendash}6}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-91379-7\_1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91379-7\_1}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Cogan Shimizu} } @conference {704, title = {Ontology Design Patterns for Winston{\textquoteright}s Taxonomy Of Part-Whole Relations}, booktitle = {Emerging Topics in Semantic Technologies - ISWC 2018 Satellite Events [best papers from 13 of the workshops co-located with the ISWC 2018 conference]}, volume = {36}, year = {2018}, pages = {119{\textendash}129}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-894-5-119}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-894-5-119}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Clare Paul} } @article {743, title = {On the Prospects of Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies for Open Science and Academic Publishing}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, url = {http://www.semantic-web-journal.net/content/prospects-blockchain-and-distributed-ledger-technologies-open-science-and-academic}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Blake Regalia and Pascal Hitzler and Gengchen Mai and Stephanie Delbecque and Maarten Fr{\"o}hlich and Patrick Mertinent and Trevor Lazarus} } @conference {708, title = {A Prot{\'e}g{\'e} Plug-In for Annotating OWL Ontologies with OPLa}, booktitle = {ESWC (Satellite Events)}, volume = {11155}, year = {2018}, pages = {23{\textendash}27}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Quinn Hirt and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {748, title = {Pseudo-Random ALC Syntax Generation}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web: ESWC 2018 Satellite Events - ESWC 2018 Satellite Events, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 3-7, 2018, Revised Selected Papers}, volume = {11155}, year = {2018}, pages = {19{\textendash}22}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heraklion, Crete, Greece}, abstract = {We discuss a tool capable of rapidly generating pseudo-random syntactically valid ALC expression trees. The program is meant to allow a researcher to create large sets of independently valid expressions with a minimum of personal bias for experimentation.}, keywords = {ALC, Description Logic, DL, random generation, synthetic data}, isbn = {978-3-319-98191-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-98192-5\_4}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98192-5\_4}, author = {Aaron Eberhart and Michelle Cheatham and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {717, title = {Reasoning over RDF Knowledge Bases using Deep Learning}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.04132}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

Semantic Web knowledge representation standards, and in particular RDF and OWL, often come endowed with a formal semantics which is considered to be of fundamental importance for the field. Reasoning, i.e., the drawing of logical inferences from knowledge expressed in such standards, is traditionally based on logical deductive methods and algorithms which can be proven to be sound and complete and terminating, i.e. correct in a very strong sense. For various reasons, though, in particular the scalability issues arising from the ever-increasing amounts of Semantic Web data available and the inability of deductive algorithms to deal with noise in the data, it has been argued that alternative means of reasoning should be investigated which bear high promise for high scalability and better robustness. From this perspective, deductive algorithms can be considered the gold standard regarding correctness against which alternative methods need to be tested. In this paper, we show that it is possible to train a Deep Learning system on RDF knowledge graphs, such that it is able to perform reasoning over new RDF knowledge graphs, with high precision and recall compared to the deductive gold standard.

}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.04132}, author = {Ebrahimi, Monireh and Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Bianchi, Federico and Xie, Ning and Doran, Derek and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {744, title = {Some Open Issues After Twenty Years of Formal Ontology}, booktitle = {FOIS 2018}, year = {2018}, url = {http://ebooks.iospress.nl/publication/50236}, author = {Stefano Borgo and Pascal Hitzler} } @unpublished {746, title = {A Tutorial on Modular Ontology Modeling with Ontology Design Patterns: The Cooking Recipes Ontology}, year = {2018}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Adila A. Krisnadhi} } @book {794, title = {Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns}, series = {Studies on the Semantic Web}, volume = {32}, year = {2017}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Karl Hammar and Pascal Hitzler and Agnieszka Lawrynowicz and Adila Krisnadhi and Andrea Nuzzolese and Monika Solanki} } @conference {652, title = {Computational Environment: An ODP to Support Finding and Recreating Computational Analyses}, booktitle = {8th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns - WOP2017}, year = {2017}, author = {Michelle Cheatham and Charles Vardeman and Nazifa Karima and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {650, title = {A Core Pattern for Events}, booktitle = {Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns}, year = {2017}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Adila A. Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {606, title = {Explaining Trained Neural Networks with Semantic Web Technologies: First Steps}, journal = {Twelveth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy}, year = {2017}, month = {07/2017}, edition = {12}, address = {London, UK}, abstract = {

The ever increasing prevalence of publicly available structured data on the World Wide Web enables new applications in a variety of domains. In this paper, we provide a conceptual approach that leverages such data in order to explain the input-output behavior of trained artificial neural networks. We apply existing Semantic Web technologies in order to provide an experimental proof of concept.

}, keywords = {Artificial Intelligence}, url = {http://daselab.cs.wright.edu/nesy/NeSy17/}, author = {Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Ning Xie and Derek Doran and Michael Raymer and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {653, title = {On the Ontological Modeling of Trees}, booktitle = {8th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns - WOP2017}, year = {2017}, author = {David Carral and Pascal Hitzler and Hilmar Lapp and Sebastian Rudolph} } @article {394, title = {An Ontology Design Pattern and Its Use Case for Modeling Material Transformation}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {8}, year = {2017}, pages = {731}, chapter = {719}, doi = {10.3233/SW-160231}, author = {Charles Vardeman and Adila Krisnadhi and Michelle Cheatham and Krzysztof Janowicz and Holly Ferguson and Pascal Hitzler and Aimee Buccellato} } @mastersthesis {607, title = {Propositional Rule Extraction from Neural Networks under Background Knowledge}, volume = {Master}, year = {2017}, month = {07/2017}, pages = {50}, type = {Master thesis}, abstract = {

It is well-known that the input-output behaviour of a neural network can be recast in terms of a set of propositional rules, and under certain weak preconditions this is also always possible with positive (or definite) rules. Furthermore, in this case there is in fact a unique minimal (technically, reduced) set of such rules which perfectly captures the inputoutput mapping. In this paper, we investigate to what extent these results and corresponding rule extraction algorithms can be lifted to take additional background knowledge into account. It turns out that uniqueness of the solution can then no longer be guaranteed. However, the background knowledge often makes it possible to extract simpler, and thus more easily understandable, rulesets which still perfectly capture the input-output mapping.

}, author = {Maryam Labaf and Pascal Hitzler and Anthony B. Evans} } @conference {608, title = { Propositional rule extraction from neural networks under background knowledge}, booktitle = {Twelfth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning}, year = {2017}, month = {07/2017}, keywords = {Background knowledge, Neural Network, Propositional Logic, Rule Extraction}, author = {Maryam Labaf}, editor = {Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {647, title = {Relating Input Concepts to Convolutional Neural Network Decisions}, journal = {NIPS 2017 Workshop: Interpreting, Explaining and Visualizing Deep Learning, NIPS IEVDL 2017}, year = {2017}, month = {12/2017}, publisher = {NIPS}, address = {CA, USA}, abstract = {

Many current methods to interpret convolutional neural networks (CNNs) use visualization techniques and words to highlight concepts of the input seemingly relevant to a CNN{\textquoteright}s decision. The methods hypothesize that the recognition of these concepts are instrumental in the decision a CNN reaches, but the nature of this relationship has not been well explored. To address this gap, this paper examines the quality of a concept{\textquoteright}s recognition by a CNN and the degree to which the recognitions are associated with CNN decisions. The study considers a CNN trained for scene recognition over the ADE20k dataset. It uses a novel approach to find and score the strength of minimally distributed representations of input concepts (defined by objects in scene images) across late stage feature maps. Subsequent analysis finds evidence that concept recognition impacts decision making. Strong recognition of concepts frequently-occurring in few scenes are indicative of correct decisions, but recognizing concepts common to many scenes may mislead the network.

}, author = {Ning Xie and Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Derek Doran and Pascal Hitzler and Michael Raymer} } @conference {655, title = {Rendering OWL in Description Logic Syntax}, booktitle = {ESWC 2017}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, author = {Cogan Shimizu and Pascal Hitzler and Matthew Horridge} } @booklet {586, title = {Rule-based OWL Modeling with ROWLTab Protege Plugin}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

It has been argued that it is much easier to convey logi- cal statements using rules rather than OWL (or description logic (DL)) axioms. Based on recent theoretical developments on transformations between rules and DLs, we have developed ROWLTab, a Prot ́eg ́e plugin that allows users to enter OWL axioms by way of rules; the plugin then automatically converts these rules into OWL 2 DL axioms if possible, and prompts the user in case such a conversion is not possible without weakening the semantics of the rule. In this paper, we present ROWLTab, together with a user evaluation of its effectiveness compared to entering axioms using the standard Prot ́eg ́e interface. Our evaluation shows that modeling with ROWLTab is much quicker than the standard interface, while at the same time, also less prone to errors for hard modeling tasks.

}, author = {Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Adila Krisnadhi and David Carral and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {651, title = {A Spatiotemporal Extent Pattern based on Semantic Trajectories}, booktitle = {Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns}, year = {2017}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Adila A. Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @inbook {649, title = {The Stub Metapattern}, booktitle = {Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns}, year = {2017}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Adila A. Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {654, title = {Towards a simple but useful ontology design pattern representation language}, booktitle = {8th Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns - WOP2017}, year = {2017}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Aldo Gangemi and Krzysztof Janowicz and Adila A. Krisnadhi and Valentina Presutti} } @article {593, title = {AI for Traffic Analytics}, journal = {The IEEE Intelligent Informatics Bulletin}, volume = {17}, year = {2016}, chapter = {21}, author = {Raghava Mutharaju and Freddy L{\'e}cu{\'e} and Jeff Z. Pan and Jiewen Wu and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {569, title = {Collected Research Questions Concerning Ontology Design Patterns}, booktitle = {Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications}, year = {2016}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Karl Hammar and Eva Blomqvist and David Carral and Marieke van Erp and Antske Fokkens and Aldo Gangemi and Willem Robert van Hage and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Nazifa Karima and Adila Krisnadhi and Tom Narock and Roxane Segers and Monika Solanki and Vojtech Svatek} } @article {480, title = {Considerations regarding Ontology Design Patterns}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {7}, year = {2016}, pages = {1-7}, author = {Eva Blomqvist and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Adila Krisnadhi and Thomas Narock and Monika Solanki} } @conference {479, title = {The Detector Final State pattern: Using the Web Ontology Language to describe a Physics Analysis}, booktitle = {Presented at the 17th International workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in physics research (ACAT), Valparaiso, Chile, January 2016.}, year = {2016}, note = {

Presented at the\ 17th International workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in physics research (ACAT), Valparaiso, Chile, January 2016.

}, abstract = {

The Data and Software Preservation for Open Science (DASPOS) collaboration has developed an ontology for describing particle physics analyses. The ontology, a series of data triples, is designed to describe dataset, selection cuts, and measured quantities for an analysis. The ontology specification, written in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), is designed to be interpreted by many pre-existing tools, including search engines, and to apply to both theory and experiment published papers. This paper gives an introduction to OWL and this branch of library science from a particle physicist{\textquoteright}s point of view, specifics of the Detector Final State Pattern, and how it is designed to be used in the field of particle physics primarily to archive and recall analyses. A general introduction to DASPOS and how its other work fits in with this topic will also be described.

}, author = {Gordon Watts and Charles Vardeman and David Carral and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {538, title = {Geospatial Semantic Web}, booktitle = {The International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment, and Technology. Wiley/AAG}, year = {2016}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {416, title = {Geospatial Semantic Web}, booktitle = {The International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment, and Technology}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Wiley/AAG}, organization = {Wiley/AAG}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {594, title = {How to Document Ontology Design Patterns}, journal = {7th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2016)}, year = {2016}, publisher = {IOS Press}, address = {Kobe, Japan}, author = {Nazifa Karima and Karl Hammar and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {567, title = {Introduction: Ontology Design Patterns in a Nutshell}, booktitle = {Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications}, year = {2016}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Aldo Gangemi and Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi and Valentina Presutti} } @article {537, title = {Linked Dataset Description Papers at the Semantic Web Journal: A Critical Assessment}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {7}, year = {2016}, chapter = {105}, author = {Aidan Hogan and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @conference {684, title = {LinkGen: Multipurpose linked data generator}, booktitle = {International Semantic Web Conference}, year = {2016}, pages = {113{\textendash}121}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Joshi, Amit Krishna and Pascal Hitzler and Dong, Guozhu} } @conference {572, title = {Modeling OWL with Rules: The ROWL Protege Plugin}, year = {2016}, publisher = {15th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) 2016}, organization = {15th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) 2016}, address = {Kobe, Japan}, abstract = {

Abstract. In our experience, some ontology users find it much easier to convey logical statements using rules rather than OWL (or description logic) axioms. Based on recent theoretical developments on transformations between rules and description logics, we develop ROWL, a Proteg{\textasciiacute} e plugin that allows users to enter OWL axioms by way of rules; the plugin then automatically converts these rules into OWL DL axioms if possible, and prompts the user in case such a conversion is not possible without weakening the semantics of the rule.

}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1690/paper92.pdf}, author = {Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and David Carral and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {577, title = {Modeling With Ontology Design Patterns: Chess Games As a Worked Example}, booktitle = {Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications}, volume = {25}, number = {Studies on the Semantic Web}, year = {2016}, pages = {3{\textendash}21}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, chapter = {1}, doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-676-7-3}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {578, title = {Ontology Design Patterns for Linked Data Publishing}, booktitle = {Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications}, volume = {25}, number = {Studies on the Semantic Web}, year = {2016}, pages = {201 - 232}, chapter = {10}, doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-676-7-201}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Nazifa Karima and Pascal Hitzler and Reihaneh Amini and V{\'\i}ctor Rodr{\'\i}guez-Doncel and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @book {566, title = {Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications}, series = {Studies On the Semantic Web}, volume = {025}, year = {2016}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Aldo Gangemi and Krzysztof Janowicz and Adila Krisnadhi and Valentina Presutti} } @conference {573, title = {OWLAx: A Protege Plugin to Support Ontology Axiomatization through Diagramming}, year = {2016}, publisher = {15th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC2016, Kobe, Japan, October 2016}, organization = {15th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC2016, Kobe, Japan, October 2016}, address = {Kobe, Japan}, abstract = {

Abstract. Once the conceptual overview, in terms of a somewhat informal class diagram, has been designed in the course of engineering an ontology, the process of adding many of the appropriate logical axioms is mostly a routine task. We provide a Prot{\textasciiacute}eg{\textasciiacute}e3 plugin which supports this task, together with a visual user interface, based on established methods for ontology design pattern modeling.

}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1690/paper83.pdf}, author = {Md Kamruzzaman Sarker and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {556, title = {A Practical Acyclicity Notion for Query Answering Over Horn-SRIQ Ontologies}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web - {ISWC} 2016 - 15th International Semantic Web Conference, Kobe, Japan, October 17-21, 2016, Proceedings, Part {I}}, year = {2016}, pages = {70{\textendash}85}, abstract = {

Conjunctive query answering over expressive Horn Description Logic ontologies is a relevant and challenging problem which, in some cases, can be addressed by application of the chase algorithm. In this paper, we define a novel acyclicity notion which provides a sufficient condition for termination of the restricted chase over Horn-SRIQ TBoxes. We show that this notion generalizes most of the existing acyclicity conditions (both theoretically and empirically). Furthermore, this new acyclicity notion gives rise to a very efficient reasoning procedure. We provide evidence for this by providing a materialization based reasoner for acyclic ontologies which outperforms other state-of-the-art systems.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-46523-4_5}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46523-4_5}, author = {David Carral and Cristina Feier and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {570, title = {Reasoning with Large Scale OWL 2 EL Ontologies Based on MapReduce}, booktitle = {Web Technologies and Applications - 18th Asia-Pacific Web Conference, APWeb 2016, Suzhou, China, September 23-25, 2016}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, author = {Zhangquan Zhou and Guilin Qi and Chang Liu and Raghava Mutharaju and Pascal Hitzler} } @inbook {568, title = {On the Roles of Logical Axiomatizations for Ontologies}, booktitle = {Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications}, year = {2016}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi} } @article {581, title = {Update on ESIP Testbed Project}, year = {2016}, author = {Nazifa Karima and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler and Tom Narock} } @conference {496, title = {Alignment Aware Linked Data Compression}, booktitle = {Joint International Semantic Technology Conference}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

The success of linked data has resulted in a large amount of data being generated in a standard RDF format. Various techniques have been explored to generate a compressed version of RDF datasets for archival and transmission purpose. However, these compression techniques are designed to compress a given dataset without using any external knowledge, either through a compact representation or removal of semantic redundancies present in the dataset. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to compress RDF datasets by exploiting alignments present across various datasets at both instance and schema level. Our system generates lossy compression based on the confidence value of relation between the terms. We also present a comprehensive evaluation of the approach by using reference alignment from OAEI.

}, author = {Joshi, Amit Krishna and Pascal Hitzler and Dong, Guozhu} } @conference {156, title = {Distributed and Scalable OWL EL Reasoning}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2015) }, year = {2015}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Portoroz, Slovenia}, abstract = {

OWL 2 EL is one of the tractable proles of the Web Ontology\ Language (OWL) which is a W3C-recommended standard. OWL 2\ EL provides sucient expressivity to model large biomedical ontologies\ as well as streaming data such as trac, while at the same time allows\ for ecient reasoning services. Existing reasoners for OWL 2 EL, however,\ use only a single machine and are thus constrained by memory and\ computational power. At the same time, the automated generation of\ ontological information from streaming data and text can lead to very\ large ontologies which can exceed the capacities of these reasoners. We\ thus describe a distributed reasoning system that scales well using a cluster\ of commodity machines. We also apply our system to a use case on\ city trac data and show that it can handle volumes which cannot be\ handled by current single machine reasoners.

}, keywords = {DistEL, Distributed Reasoning, Ontology Classification, OWL EL}, author = {Raghava Mutharaju and Pascal Hitzler and Prabhaker Mateti and Freddy L{\'e}cu{\'e}} } @conference {481, title = {EarthCube GeoLink: Semantics and Linked Data for the Geosciences}, booktitle = {2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 14-18 December 2015}, year = {2015}, author = {Robert A. Arko and Suzanne Carbotte and Cynthia Chandler and Michelle Cheatham and Douglas Fils and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Peng Ji and Matthew Jones and Adila Krisnadhi and Kerstin Lehnert and Audrey Mickle and Tom Narock and Margaret O{\textquoteright}Brien and Lisa Raymond and Mark Schildhauer and Adam Shepherd and Peter Wiebe} } @article {392, title = {The {GeoLink} Framework for Pattern-based Linked Data Integration}, journal = {Proceedings of the ISWC 2015 Posters \& Demonstrations Track}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Yingjie Hu and Krzsyztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Robert Arko and Suzanne Carbotte and Cynthia Chandler and Michelle Cheatham and Douglas Fils and Timothy Finin and Peng Ji and Matthew Jones and Nazifa Karima and Kerstin Lehnert and Audrey Mickle and Thomas Narock and Margaret O{\textquoteright}Brien and Lisa Raymond and Adam Shepherd and Mark Schildhauer and Peter Wiebe} } @conference {393, title = {The {GeoLink} Modular Oceanography Ontology}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web - ISWC 2015. 14th International Semantic Web Conference, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States, October 11-15, 2015}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Yingjie Hu and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Robert Arko and Suzanne Carbotte and Cynthia Chandler and Michelle Cheatham and Douglas Fils and Timothy Finin and Peng Ji and Matthew Jones and Nazifa Karima and Kerstin Lehnert and Audrey Mickle and Thomas Narock and Margaret O{\textquoteright}Brien and Lisa Raymond and Adam Shepherd and Mark Schildhauer and Peter Wiebe} } @conference {482, title = {Linked Data: Forming Partnerships at the Data Layer}, booktitle = {2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 14-18 December 2015}, year = {2015}, author = {Adam Shepherd and Cynthia Chandler and Robert A. Arko and Matthew Jones and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Adila Krisnadhi and Mark Schildhauer and Douglas Fils and Tom Narock and Robert Groman and Margaret O{\textquoteright}Brien and Evan W. Patton and Danie Kinkade and Shannon Rauch} } @conference {388, title = {A Minimal Ontology Pattern for Life Cycle Assessment Data}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference {(ISWC} 2015), Bethlehem, PA, USA, October 11, 2015}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Adila Krisnadhi and Yingjie Hu and Sangwon Suh and Bo Pedersen Weidema and Beatriz Rivela and Johan Tivander and David E. Meyer and Gary Berg-Cross and Pascal Hitzler and Wesley Ingwersen and Brandon Kuczenski and Charles Vardeman and Yiting Ju} } @conference {326, title = {Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning: Contributions and Challenges}, booktitle = {AAAI 2015 Spring Symposium on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Integrating Symbolic and Neural Approaches. Technical Report SS-15-03, AAAI Press, Palo Alto}, year = {2015}, publisher = {AAAI Press}, organization = {AAAI Press}, author = {Artur S. d{\textquoteright}Avila Garcez and Tarek R. Besold and Luc De Raedt and Peter F{\"o}ldiak and Pascal Hitzler and Thomas Icard and Kai-Uwe K{\"u}hnberger and Lu{\'\i}s C. Lamb and Riisto Miikkulainen and Daniel L. Silver} } @conference {483, title = {Ontological Support of Data Discovery and Synthesis in Estuarine and Coastal Science}, booktitle = {CERF 2015: 23rd Biennial Confernence, Grand Challenges in Coastal and Estuarine Science: Securing Our Future, Portland, OR, November 2015}, year = {2015}, author = {Anne Thessen and Benjamin Fertig and Ramona Walls and Pascal Hitzler and Rick Ziegler} } @conference {389, title = {An Ontology Design Pattern for Chess Games}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, PA, USA}, volume = {1461}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1461/WOP2015_pattern_abstract_2.pdf}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and V{\'\i}ctor Rodr{\'\i}guez-Doncel and Pascal Hitzler and Michelle Cheatham and Nazifa Karima and Reihaneh Amini and Ashley Coleman} } @conference {414, title = {An Ontology Design Pattern for Data Integration in the Library Domain}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, PA, USA, October 11, 2015}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, abstract = {

A university{\textquoteright}s institutional repository (IR) contains the in- tellectual output of its faculty, staff and students. Its content is exten- sive and heterogenous, which complicates data aggregation and discovery tasks. To address these challenges, we propose the use of a conceptual ontology design pattern to model information for the IR domain which is general enough to be reused across different IR datasets.

}, author = {Patrick Obrien and David Carral and Jeff Mixter and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {387, title = {An Ontology Design Pattern for Dynamic Relative Relationships}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP 2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pensylvania, USA, October 11, 2015}, volume = {1461}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1461/WOP2015_paper_3.pdf}, author = {Holly Ferguson and Adila Krisnadhi and Charles Vardeman}, editor = {Eva Blomqvist and Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi and Thomas Narock and Monika Solanki} } @conference {386, title = {An Ontology Design Pattern for Particle Physics Analysis}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP 2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pensylvania, USA, October 11, 2015}, volume = {1461}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, abstract = {

The detector final state is the core element of particle physics analysis as it defines the physical characteristics that form the basis of the measurement presented in a published paper. Although they are a crucial part of the research process, detector final states are not yet formally described, published in papers or searchable in a convenient way. This paper aims at providing an ontology pattern for the detector final state that can be used as a building block for an ontology covering the whole particle physics analysis life cycle.

}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1461/WOP2015_pattern_abstract_5.pdf}, author = {David Carral and Michelle Cheatham and Sunje Dallmeir-Tiessen and Patricia Herterich and Michael D. Hildreth and Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi and Kati Lassila-Perini and Elizabeth Sexton-Kennedy and Charles Vardeman and Gordon Watts}, editor = {Eva Blomqvist and Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi and Thomas Narock and Monika Solanki} } @conference {321, title = {Ontology Design Patterns: Bridging the Gap Between Local Semantic Use Cases and Large-Scale, Long-Term Data Integration}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 12 - 17 April 2015}, year = {2015}, author = {Adam Shepherd and Robert Arko and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Cynthia Chandler and Thomas Narock and Michelle Cheatham and Mark Schildhauer and Matthew Jones and Lisa Raymond and Audrey Mickle and Timothy Finin and Douglas Fils} } @conference {484, title = {Ontology Design Patterns for Semantically Enriched LCA}, booktitle = {LCA XV, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, October 6-8, 2015}, year = {2015}, author = {Brandon Kuczenski and Wesley Ingwersen and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Gary Berg-Cross and Charles Vardeman and Sangwon Suh} } @conference {390, title = {An Ontology For Specifying Spatiotemporal Scopes in Life Cycle Assessment}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015}, volume = {1501}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, pages = {25-30}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1501/Diversity2015-paper_4.pdf}, author = {Bo Yan and Yingjie Hu and Brandon Kuczenski and Krzsyztof Janowicz and Andrea Ballatore and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler and Sangwon Suh and Wesley Ingwersen}, editor = {Claudia d{\textquoteright}Amato and Freddy L{\'e}cu{\'e} and Raghava Mutharaju and Thomas Narock and Fabian Wirth} } @conference {485, title = {Ontology modeling with domain experts}, booktitle = {1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015}, year = {2015}, author = {Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {486, title = {Ontology modeling with domain experts: The GeoVoCamp experience}, booktitle = {Diversity++ 2015, Proceedings of the 1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015}, year = {2015}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Adila Krisnadhi} } @inbook {385, title = {Ontology Pattern Modeling for Cross-Repository Data Integration in the Ocean Sciences: The Oceanographic Cruise Example}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web in Earth and Space Science: Current Status and Future Directions}, year = {2015}, pages = {256-284}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, abstract = {EarthCube is a major effort of the National Science Foundation to establish a next-generation knowledge architecture for the broader geosciences. Data storage, retrieval, access, and reuse are central parts of this new effort. Currently, EarthCube is organized around several building blocks and research coordination networks. OceanLink is a semantics-enabled building block that aims at improving data retrieval and reuse via ontologies, Semantic Web technologies, and Linked Data for the ocean sciences. Cruises, in the sense of research expeditions, are central events for ocean scientists. Consequently, information about these cruises and the involved vessels is of primary interest for oceanographers, and thus, needs to be shared and made retrievable. In this paper, we report the use of a design pattern-centric strategy to model Cruise for OceanLink data integration. We provide a formal axiomatization of the introduced pattern using the Web Ontology Language, explain design choices and discuss the planned deployment and application scenarios of our model.}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Robert Arko and Suzanne Carbotte and Cynthia Chandler and Michelle Cheatham and Timothy Finin and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Thomas Narock and Lisa Raymond and Adam Shepherd and Peter Wiebe} } @conference {383, title = {Pattern-Based Linked Data Publication: The Linked Chess Dataset Case}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Consuming Linked Data co-located with 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, US, October 12th, 2015}, volume = {1426}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, type = {Technical Report}, abstract = {

This paper discusses the relationship between ontology design patterns (ODPs), data models and linked data, proposing a method that simplifies the task of publishing linked data while adhering to good modeling practices that reuse well-studied ODPs. The proposed process simplifies the tasks of the domain experts but preserves the integrity of the design patterns, favoring a well-designed and well documented data model which fosters data reuse. The work is illustrated with a linked dataset of two million chess games, with the key information mapped to other linked datasets and supported by formalized design patterns. This is the first time a chess dataset is presented as linked data, and an insight on its usefulness is given.

}, url = {http://dase.cs.wright.edu/publications/pattern-based-linked-data-publication-linked-chess-dataset-case}, author = {V{\'\i}ctor Rodr{\'\i}guez-Doncel and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler and Michelle Cheatham and Nazifa Karima and Reihaneh Amini}, editor = {Olaf Hartig and Juan Sequeda and Aidan Hogan} } @proceedings {487, title = {Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP 2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pensylvania, USA, October 11, 2015}, year = {2015}, author = {Eva Blomqvist and Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi and Tom Narock and Monika Solanki} } @conference {391, title = {{R2R+BCO-DMO} {\textendash} Linked Oceanographic Datasets}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Diversity++ Workshop co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, October 12, 2015}, volume = {1501}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, pages = {15-24}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, abstract = {The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) and the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) program are two key data repositories for oceanographic research, supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). R2R curates digital data and documentation generated by environmental sensor systems installed on vessels from the U.S. academic research fleet, with support from the NSF Oceanographic Technical Services and Arctic Research Logistics Programs. BCO-DMO human-curates and maintains data and metadata including biological, chemical, and physical measurements and results from projects funded by the NSF Biological Oceanography, Chemical Oceanography, and Antarctic Organisms \& Ecosystems Programs. These two repositories have a strong connection, and document several thousand U.S. oceanographic research expeditions since the 1970{\textquoteright}s. Recently, R2R and BCO-DMO have made their metadata collections available as Linked Data, accessible via public SPARQL endpoints. In this paper, we report on these datasets.}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Robert Arko and Suzanne Carbotte and Cynthia Chandler and Michelle Cheatham and Pascal Hitzler and Yingjie Hu and Krzysztof Janowicz and Peng Ji and Nazifa Karima and Adam Shepherd and Peter Wiebe}, editor = {Claudia d{\textquoteright}Amato and Freddy L{\'e}cu{\'e} and Raghava Mutharaju and Thomas Narock and Fabian Wirth} } @conference {415, title = {The Semantic Web Journal as Linked Data}, booktitle = {International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2015, Posters and Demonstrations Track}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Yingjie Hu and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Kunal Sengupta} } @article {417, title = {The Semantic Web Journal Review Process: Transparent and Open}, journal = {IEEE Computer Society Special Technical Community on Social Networking E-Letter}, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, month = {06/2015}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @article {54, title = {Semantics for Big Data}, journal = {AI Magazine}, volume = {36}, year = {2015}, pages = {3{\textendash}4}, url = {http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2559}, author = {Frank van Harmelen and James A. Hendler and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @conference {488, title = {Towards a Rule Based Distributed OWL Reasoning Framework}, booktitle = {12th OWL Experiences and Directions Workshop (OWLED 2015) co-located with the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015)}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Bethlehem, PA, USA}, abstract = {The amount of data exposed in the form of RDF and OWL continues to increase exponentially. Some approaches have already been proposed for the scalable reasoning over several language profiles such as RDFS, OWL Horst, OWL 2 EL, OWL 2 RL etc. But all those approaches are limited to the particular ruleset that the reasoner supports. In this work, we propose the idea for a rule-based distributed reasoning framework that can support any given ruleset and highlight some of the challenges that needs to be solved in order to implement such a framework.}, author = {Raghava Mutharaju and Prabhaker Mateti and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {381, title = {Towards Defeasible Mappings for Tractable Description Logics}, booktitle = {ISWC 2015 - 14th International Semantic Web Conference, Bethlehem, PA, USA, October 11-15, 2015}, year = {2015}, pages = {237-252}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Kunal Sengupta and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {55, title = {Why the Data Train Needs Semantic Rails}, journal = {AI Magazine}, volume = {36}, year = {2015}, pages = {5{\textendash}14}, abstract = {While catchphrases such as big data, smart data, data intensive science, or smart dust highlight different aspects, they share a common theme: Namely, a shift towards a data-centric perspective in which the synthesis and analysis of data at an ever-increasing spatial, temporal, and thematic resolution promises new insights, while, at the same time, reducing the need for strong domain theories as starting points. In terms of the envisioned methodologies, those catchphrases tend to emphasize the role of predictive analytics, i.e., statistical techniques including data mining and machine learning, as well as supercomputing. Interestingly, however, while this perspective takes the availability of data as a given, it does not answer the question how one would discover the required data in today{\textquoteright}s chaotic information universe, how one would understand which datasets can be meaningfully integrated, and how to communicate the results to humans and machines alike. The Semantic Web addresses these questions. In the following, we argue why the data train needs semantic rails. We point out that making sense of data and gaining new insights works best if inductive and deductive techniques go hand-in-hand instead of competing over the prerogative of interpretation.}, url = {http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2560}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Frank van Harmelen and James A. Hendler and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {133, title = {All But Not Nothing: Left-Hand Side Universals for Tractable {OWL} Profiles}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions (OWLED 2014) co-located with 13th International Semantic Web Conference on (ISWC 2014), Riva del Garda, Italy, October 17-18, 2014.}, volume = {1265}, year = {2014}, month = {10/2014}, pages = {97-108}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, abstract = {We show that occurrences of the universal quantifier in the left-hand side of general concept inclusions can be rewritten into EL++ axioms under certain circumstances. I.e., this intuitive modeling feature is available for OWL EL while retaining tractability. Furthermore, this rewriting makes it possible to reason over corresponding extensions of EL++ and Horn-SROIQ using standard reasoners.}, keywords = {description logics, Horn Logics, OWL}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1265/owled2014_submission_13.pdf}, author = {David Carral and Adila Krisnadhi and Sebastian Rudolph and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {C. Maria Keet and Valentina A. M. Tamma} } @proceedings {147, title = {Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications - 16th International Conference, AIMSA 2014, Varna, Bulgaria, September 11-13, 2014. Proceedings}, journal = {AIMSA 2014}, volume = {8722}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-319-10553-6}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-10554-3}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10554-3}, editor = {Gennady Agre and Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi and Sergei O. Kuznetsov} } @conference {398, title = {Combining Learning and Reasoning for Big Data}, booktitle = {Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Seminar 14381)}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, author = {Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Artur S. d{\textquoteright}Avila Garcez and Marco Gori and Pascal Hitzler and Lu{\'\i}s C. Lamb} } @conference {8, title = {Conference v2.0: An uncertain version of the OAEI Conference benchmark}, booktitle = {13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014)}, volume = {8797}, year = {2014}, month = {10/2014}, pages = {148-163}, publisher = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer}, organization = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer}, address = {Riva del Garda, Italy}, abstract = {The Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative is a set of benchmarks for evaluating the performance of ontology alignment systems. In this paper we re-examine the Conference track of the OAEI, with a focus on the degree of agreement between the reference alignments within this track and the opinion of experts. We propose a new version of this benchmark that more closely corresponds to expert opinion and confidence on the matches. The performance of top alignment systems is compared on both versions of the benchmark. Additionally, a general method for crowdsourcing the development of more benchmarks of this type using Amazon{\textquoteright}s Mechanical Turk is introduced and shown to be scalable, cost-effective and to agree well with expert opinion.}, keywords = {benchmark, OAEI, Ontology Alignment}, author = {Michelle Cheatham and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Peter Mika and Tania Tudorache and Abraham Bernstein and Chris Welty and Craig A. Knoblock and Denny Vrandecic and Paul T. Groth and Natasha F. Noy and Krzysztof Janowicz and Carole A. Goble} } @inbook {90, title = {Description Logics}, booktitle = {Handbook of the History of Logic}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, pages = {679-710}, publisher = {Elsevier}, organization = {Elsevier}, author = {Matthias Knorr and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Dov. M. Gabbay and John Woods and J{\"o}rg Siekmann} } @inbook {148, title = {Description Logics}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining}, year = {2014}, pages = {346-351}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-6170-8_108}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6170-8_108}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {158, title = {Developing a Distributed Reasoner for the Semantic Web}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ISWC Developers Workshop 2014, co-located with the 13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014)}, volume = {1268}, year = {2014}, pages = {108{\textendash}112}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Riva del Garda, Italy}, abstract = {

OWL 2 EL is one of the tractable profiles of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) which has been standardized by the W3C. OWL 2\ EL provides suficient expressivity to model large biomedical ontologies\ as well streaming traffic data. Automated generation of ontologies from\ streaming data and text can lead to very large ontologies. There is a\ need to develop scalable reasoning approaches which scale with the size\ of the ontologies. We briefly describe our distributed reasoner, DistEL\ along with our experience and lessons learned during its development.

}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1268/paper18.pdf}, author = {Raghava Mutharaju and Prabhaker Mateti and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Ruben Verborgh and Erik Mannens} } @conference {11, title = {Distributed OWL EL Reasoning: The Story So Far}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Scalable Semantic Web Knowledge Base Systems, Riva Del Garda, Italy}, volume = {1261}, year = {2014}, month = {10/2014}, pages = {61-76}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Riva del Garda, Italy}, abstract = {

Automated generation of axioms from streaming data, such as traffic and text, can result in very large ontologies that single machine reasoners cannot handle. Reasoning with large ontologies requires distributed solutions. Scalable reasoning techniques for RDFS, OWL Horst and OWL 2 RL now exist. For OWL 2 EL, several distributed reasoning approaches have been tried, but are all perceived to be inefficient. We analyze this perception. We analyze completion rule based distributed approaches, using different characteristics, such as dependency among the rules, implementation optimizations, how axioms and rules are distributed. We also present a distributed queue approach for the classification of ontologies in description logic EL+ (fragment of OWL 2 EL).

}, keywords = {Distributed Reasoning, OWL EL, Scalability}, author = {Raghava Mutharaju and Pascal Hitzler and Prabhaker Mateti}, editor = {Thorsten Liebig and Achille Fokoue} } @conference {135, title = {EL-ifying Ontologies}, booktitle = {Automated Reasoning - 7th International Joint Conference, IJCAR 2014, Held as Part of the Vienna Summer of Logic, {VSL} 2014, Vienna, Austria, July 19-22, 2014. Proceedings}, year = {2014}, pages = {464{\textendash}479}, abstract = {

The OWL 2 profiles are fragments of the ontology language OWL 2 for which standard reasoning tasks are feasible in polynomial time. Many OWL ontologies, however, contain a typically small number of out-of-profile axioms, which may have little or no influence on reasoning outcomes. We investigate techniques for rewriting axioms into the EL and RL profiles of OWL 2. We have tested our techniques on both classification and data reasoning tasks with encouraging results.

}, keywords = {description logics, OWL, Rewriting, Tractable Reasoning}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-08587-6_36}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08587-6_36}, author = {David Carral and Cristina Feier and Cuenca Grau, Bernardo and Pascal Hitzler and Ian Horrocks} } @conference {288, title = {Enhancing Ocean Research Data Access}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2014}, year = {2014}, address = {Vienna, Austria}, author = {Cynthia Chandler and Robert Groman and Adam Shepherd and Molly Allison and Robert Arko and Yu Chen and Peter Fox and David Glover and Pascal Hitzler and Adam Leadbetter and Thomas Narock and Patrick West and Peter Wiebe} } @article {56, title = {Five stars of Linked Data vocabulary use}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, pages = {173{\textendash}176}, abstract = {In 2010 Tim Berners-Lee introduced a 5 star rating to his Linked Data design issues page to encourage data publishers along the road to good Linked Data. What makes the star rating so effective is its simplicity, clarity, and a pinch of psychology {\textendash} is your data 5 star? While there is an abundance of 5 star Linked Data available today, finding, querying, and integrating/interlinking these data is, to say the least, difficult. While the literature has largely focused on describing datasets, e.g., by adding provenance information, or interlinking them, e.g., by co-reference resolution tools, we would like to take Berners-Lee{\textquoteright}s original proposal to the next level by introducing a 5 star rating for Linked Data vocabulary use.}, doi = {10.3233/SW-140135}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-140135}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler and Benjamin Adams and Dave Kolas and Charles Vardeman} } @inbook {89, title = {Logics for the Semantic Web}, booktitle = {Handbook of the History of Logic}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, pages = {679-710}, publisher = {Elsevier}, organization = {Elsevier}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Jens Lehmann and Axel Polleres}, editor = {Dov. M. Gabbay and John Woods and J{\"o}rg Siekmann} } @article {59, title = {Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Seminar 14381)}, journal = {Dagstuhl Reports}, volume = {4}, year = {2014}, pages = {50{\textendash}84}, doi = {10.4230/DagRep.4.9.50}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4230/DagRep.4.9.50}, author = {Artur S. d{\textquoteright}Avila Garcez and Marco Gori and Pascal Hitzler and Lu{\'\i}s C. Lamb} } @conference {320, title = {The OceanLink Project}, booktitle = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 15-19 December 2014}, year = {2014}, author = {Thomas Narock and Robert Arko and Suzanne Carbotte and Cynthia Chandler and Michelle Cheatham and Timothy Finin and Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi and Lisa Raymond and Adam Shepherd and Peter Wiebe} } @conference {144, title = {The {OceanLink} project}, booktitle = {2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Big Data 2014, Washington, DC, USA, October 27-30, 2014}, year = {2014}, month = {10/2014}, pages = {14-21}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, organization = {{IEEE}}, abstract = {Today{\textquoteright}s scientific investigations are producing large numbers of scholarly products. These products continue to increase in diversity and complexity as researchers recognize that scholarly achievements are not only published articles but also datasets, software, and associated supporting materials. OceanLink is an online platform that addresses scholarly discovery and collaboration in the ocean sciences. The OceanLink project leverages Semantic Web technologies, web mining, and crowdsourcing to identify links between data centers, digital repositories, and professional societies to enhance discovery, enable collaboration, and begin to assess research contribution.}, isbn = {978-1-4799-5665-4}, doi = {10.1109/BigData.2014.7004347}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6973861}, author = {Thomas Narock and Robert Arko and Suzanne Carbotte and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler and Michelle Cheatham and Adam Shepherd and Cynthia Chandler and Lisa Raymond and Peter Wiebe and Timothy Finin}, editor = {Jimmy Lin and Jian Pei and Xiaohua Hu and Wo Chang and Raghunath Nambiar and Charu Aggarwal and Nick Cercone and Vasant Honavar and Jun Huan and Bamshad Mobasher and Saumyadipta Pyne} } @conference {145, title = {An Ontology Design Pattern for Cooking Recipes - Classroom Created}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2014) co-located with the 13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014), Riva del Garda, Italy, October 19, 2014.}, volume = {1302}, year = {2014}, month = {10/2014}, pages = {49-60}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, abstract = {We present a description and result of an ontology modeling process taken to the classroom. The application domain considered was cooking recipes. The modeling goal was to bridge heterogeneity across representational choices by developing a content ontology design pattern which is general enough to allow for the integration of information from different web sites. We will discuss the pattern developed, and report on corresponding insights and lessons learned.}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1302}, author = {Monica Sam and Adila Krisnadhi and Cong Wang and John C. Gallagher and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {de Boer, Victor and Aldo Gangemi and Krzysztof Janowicz and Agnieszka Lawrynowicz} } @conference {146, title = {An Ontology Design Pattern for Material Transformation}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns (WOP2014) co-located with the 13th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2014), Riva del Garda, Italy, October 19, 2014.}, volume = {1302}, year = {2014}, month = {10/2014}, pages = {73-77}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, abstract = {In this work we discuss an ontology design pattern for material transformations. It models the relation between products, resources, and catalysts in the transformation process. Our axiomatization goes beyond a mere surface semantics. While we focus on the construction domain, the pattern can also be applied to chemistry and other domains.}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1302}, author = {Charles Vardeman and Adila Krisnadhi and Michelle Cheatham and Krzysztof Janowicz and Holly Ferguson and Pascal Hitzler and Aimee Buccellato and Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan and Gary Berg-Cross and Torsten Hahmann}, editor = {de Boer, Victor and Aldo Gangemi and Krzysztof Janowicz and Agnieszka Lawrynowicz} } @conference {93, title = {Ontology Design Patterns for Large-Scale Data Interchange and Discovery}, booktitle = {19th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW 2014)}, volume = {8876}, year = {2014}, pages = {XIX-XX}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Link{\"o}ping, Sweden}, author = {Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Stefan Schlobach and Patrick Lambrix and Eero Hyv{\"o}nen} } @conference {399, title = {Ontology Design Patterns for Ocean Science Data Discovery}, booktitle = {Spatial reference in the Semantic Web and in Robotics (Dagstuhl Seminar 14142)}, volume = {3}, year = {2014}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi and Robert Arko and Suzanne Carbotte and Cynthia Chandler and Michelle Cheatham and Timothy Finin and Krzysztof Janowicz and Thomas Narock and Lisa Raymond and Adam Shepherd and Peter Wiebe}, editor = {Aldo Gangemi and Verena V. Hafner and Werner Kuhn and Simon Scheider and Luc Steels} } @article {306, title = {An Ontology Pattern for Oceanograhic Cruises: Towards an Oceanographer{\textquoteright}s Dream of Integrated Knowledge Discovery}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

EarthCube is a major effort of the National Science Foundation to establish a next-generation knowledge architecture for the broader geosciences. Data storage, retrieval, access, and reuse are central parts of this new effort. Currently, EarthCube is organized around several building blocks and research coordination networks. OceanLink is a semanticsenabled building block that aims at improving data retrieval and reuse via ontologies, Semantic Web technologies, and Linked Data for the ocean sciences. Cruises, in the sense of research expeditions, are central events for ocean scientists. Consequently, information about these cruises and the involved vessels has to be shared and made retrievable. For example, the ability to find cruises in the vicinity of physiographic features of interest, e.g., a hydrothermal vent field or a fracture zone, is of primary interest for oceanographers. In this paper, we use a design pattern-centric strategy to engineer ontologies for OceanLink. We provide a formal axiomatization of the introduced patterns and ontologies using the Web Ontology Language, explain design choices, discuss the re-usability of our models, and provide lessons learned for the future geo-ontologies.

}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Robert Arko and Suzanne Carbotte and Cynthia Chandler and Michelle Cheatham and Timothy Finin and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Thomas Narock and Lisa Raymond and Adam Shepherd and Peter Wiebe} } @conference {102, title = {The Properties of Property Alignment}, booktitle = {Ninth International Workshop on Ontology Matching}, year = {2014}, address = {Riva del Garda, Italy}, author = {Michelle Cheatham and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {318, title = {Provenance Usage in the OceanLink Project}, booktitle = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 15-19 December 2014.}, year = {2014}, author = {Thomas Narock and Robert Arko and Suzanne Carbotte and Cynthia Chandler and Michelle Cheatham and Douglas Fils and Timothy Finin and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Matthew Jones and Adila Krisnadhi and Kerstin Lehnert and Audrey Mickle and Lisa Raymond and Mark Schildhauer and Adam Shepherd and Peter Wiebe} } @conference {131, title = {Pushing the Boundaries of Tractable Ontology Reasoning}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web - ISWC 2014 - 13th International Semantic Web Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, October 19-23, 2014. Proceedings, Part II}, year = {2014}, pages = {148{\textendash}163}, abstract = {

We identify a class of Horn ontologies for which standard reasoning tasks such as instance checking and classification are tractable. The class is general enough to include the OWL 2 EL, QL, and RL profiles. Verifying whether a Horn ontology belongs to the class can be done in polynomial time. We show empirically that the class includes many real-world ontologies that are not included in any OWL 2 profile, and thus that polynomial time reasoning is possible for these ontologies.

}, keywords = {description logics, OWL, Tractable Reasoning}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-11915-1_10}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11915-1_10}, author = {David Carral and Cristina Feier and Cuenca Grau, Bernardo and Pascal Hitzler and Ian Horrocks} } @inbook {20, title = {Reasoning}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining}, year = {2014}, pages = {1499{\textendash}1501}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-6170-8_115}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6170-8_115}, author = {Cong Wang and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {57, title = {Reports on the 2013 AAAI Fall Symposium Series}, journal = {AI Magazine}, volume = {35}, year = {2014}, pages = {69{\textendash}74}, url = {http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2538}, author = {Gully Burns and Yolanda Gil and Yan Liu and Natalia Villanueva-Rosales and Sebastian Risi and Joel Lehman and Jeff Clune and Christian Lebiere and Paul S. Rosenbloom and Frank van Harmelen and James A. Hendler and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Samarth Swarup} } @conference {7, title = {Revisiting default description logics {\textendash} and their role in aligning ontologies}, booktitle = {Semantic Technology, 4th Joint International Conference, JIST 2014}, volume = {8943}, year = {2014}, month = {11/2014}, pages = {3-18}, publisher = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer}, organization = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer}, address = {Chiang Mai, Thailand}, abstract = {We present a new approach to extend the Web Ontology Language (OWL) with the capabilities to reason with defaults. This work improves upon the previously established results on integrating defaults with description logics (DLs), which were shown to be decidable only when the application of defaults is restricted to named individuals in the knowledge base. We demonstrate that the application of defaults (integrated with DLs) does not have to be restricted to named individuals to retain decidability and elaborate on the application of defaults in the context of ontology alignment and ontology-based systems.}, keywords = {default logic, defaults, description logics, Ontology Alignment}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-15615-6_1}, author = {Kunal Sengupta and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz}, editor = {T. Supnithi and T. Yamaguchi and Jeff Z. Pan and V. Wuwongse and M. Buranarach} } @conference {287, title = {Semantic Entity Pairing for Improved Data Validation and Discovery}, booktitle = { European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, volume = {16}, year = {2014}, month = {05/2014}, pages = {2476}, abstract = {

One of the central incentives for linked data implementations is the opportunity to leverage the rich logic inherent in structured data. The logic embedded in semantic models can strengthen capabilities for data discovery and data validation when pairing entities from distinct, contextually-related datasets. The creation of links between the two datasets broadens data discovery by using the semantic logic to help machines compare similar entities and properties that exist on different levels of granularity. This semantic capability enables appropriate entity pairing without making inaccurate assertions as to the nature of the relationship. Entity pairing also provides a context to accurately validate the correctness of an entity{\textquoteright}s property values - an exercise highly valued by data management practices who seek to ensure the quality and correctness of their data. The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) semantically models metadata surrounding oceanographic researchcruises, but other sources outside of BCO-DMO exist that also model metadata about these same cruises. For BCO-DMO, the process of successfully pairing its entities to these sources begins by selecting sources that are decidedly trustworthy and authoritative for the modeled concepts. In this case, the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) program has a well-respected reputation among the oceanographic research community, presents a data context that is uniquely different and valuable, and semantically models its cruise metadata. Where BCO-DMO exposes the processed, analyzed data products generated by researchers, R2R exposes the raw shipboard data that was collected on the same research cruises. Interlinking these cruise entities expands data discovery capabilities but also allows for validating the contextual correctness of both BCO-DMO{\textquoteright}s and R2R{\textquoteright}s cruise metadata. Assessing the potential for a link between two datasets for a similar entity consists of aligning like properties and deciding on the appropriate semantic markup to describe the link. This highlights the desire for research organizations like BCO-DMO and R2R to ensure the complete accuracy of their exposed metadata, as it directly reflects on their reputations as successful and trustworthy source of research data. Therefore, data validation reaches beyond simple syntax of property values into contextual correctness. As a human process, this is a time-intensive task that does not scale well for finite human and funding resources. Therefore, to assess contextual correctness across datasets at different levels of granularity, BCO-DMO is developing a system that employs semantic technologies to aid the human process by organizing potential links and calculating a confidence coefficient as to the correctness of the potential pairing based on the distance between certain entity property values. The system allows humans to quickly scan potential links and their confidence coefficients for asserting persistence and correcting and investigating misaligned entity property values.

}, author = {Adam Shepherd and Cynthia Chandler and Robert Arko and Yanning Chen and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler and Thomas Narock and Robert Groman and Shannon Rauch} } @inbook {91, title = {Semantic Web}, booktitle = {Computing Handbook, Third Edition: Computer Science and Software Engineering}, volume = {I}, year = {2014}, pages = {50-1 - 50-13}, publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC}, organization = {Chapman and Hall/CRC}, edition = {3}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz}, editor = {Allen Tucker and Teofilo Gonzalez and Jorge Diaz-Herrera} } @article {58, title = {Semantic Web and Big Data meets Applied Ontology - The Ontology Summit 2014}, journal = {Applied Ontology}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, pages = {155{\textendash}170}, doi = {10.3233/AO-140135}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/AO-140135}, author = {Leo Obrst and Michael Gr{\"u}ninger and Ken Baclawski and Mike Bennett and Dan Brickley and Gary Berg-Cross and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Christine Kapp and Oliver Kutz and Christoph Lange and Anatoly Levenchuk and Francesca Quattri and Alan Rector and Todd Schneider and Simon Spero and Anne Thessen and Marcela Vegetti and Amanda Vizedom and Andrea Westerinen and Matthew West and Peter Yim} } @conference {319, title = {Using Linked Open Data and Semantic Integration to Search Across Geoscience Repositories.}, booktitle = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, 15-19 December 2014}, year = {2014}, author = {Lisa Raymond and Adam Shepherd and Robert Arko and Suzanne Carbotte and Cynthia Chandler and Michelle Cheatham and Douglas Fils and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Matthew Jones and Adila Krisnadhi and Kerstin Lehnert and Audrey Mickle and Thomas Narock and Mark Schildhauer and Peter Wiebe} } @inbook {50, title = {Web Ontology Language (OWL)}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining}, year = {2014}, pages = {2374{\textendash}2378}, author = {Kunal Sengupta and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Reda Alhajj and Jon Rokna} } @conference {134, title = {Is Your Ontology as Hard as You Think? Rewriting Ontologies into Simpler DLs}, booktitle = {Informal Proceedings of the 27th International Workshop on Description Logics, Vienna, Austria, July 17-20, 2014.}, year = {2014}, pages = {128{\textendash}140}, abstract = {

We investigate cases where an ontology expressed in a seemingly hard DL can be polynomially reduced to one in a simpler logic, while preserving reasoning outcomes for classification and fact entailment. Our transformations target the elimination of inverse roles, universal and existential restrictions, and in the best case allow us to rewrite the given ontology into one of the OWL 2 profiles. Even if an ontology cannot be fully rewritten into a profile, in many cases our transformations allow us to exploit further optimisation techniques. Moreover, the elimination of some out-of-profile axioms can improve the performance of modular reasoners, such as MORe. We have tested our techniques on both classification and data reasoning tasks with encouraging results.

}, keywords = {description logics, OWL, Tractable Reasoning}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1193/paper_75.pdf}, author = {David Carral and Cristina Feier and Ana Armas Romero and Cuenca Grau, Bernardo and Pascal Hitzler and Ian Horrocks} } @conference {94, title = {Automatic Domain Identification for Linked Open Data}, booktitle = {2013 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence, WI 2013}, year = {2013}, pages = {205{\textendash}212}, address = {Atlanta, GA, USA}, abstract = {

Linked Open Data (LOD) has emerged as one of the largest collections of interlinked structured datasets on the Web. Although the adoption of such datasets for applications is increasing, identifying relevant datasets for a specific task or topic is still challenging. As an initial step to make such identification easier, we provide an approach to automatically identify the topic domains of given datasets. Our method utilizes existing knowledge sources, more specifically Freebase, and we present an evaluation which validates the topic domains we can identify with our system. Furthermore, we evaluate the effectiveness of identified topic domains for the purpose of finding relevant datasets, thus showing that our approach improves reusability of LOD datasets.

}, keywords = {dataset search, Domain Identification, Linked Open Data Cloud}, doi = {10.1109/WI-IAT.2013.206}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WI-IAT.2013.206}, author = {Sarasi Lalithsena and Pascal Hitzler and Amit Sheth and Prateek Jain} } @conference {412, title = {Bridging KR and Machine Learning}, booktitle = {Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation}, year = {2013}, address = {Arlington, VA}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Lise Getoor}, editor = {Natasha Noy and Deborah McGuinness} } @conference {413, title = {Bridging open-world knowledge and closed-world data}, booktitle = {Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation}, year = {2013}, address = {Arlington, VA}, author = {Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Natasha Noy and Deborah McGuinness} } @article {60, title = {Complexities of Horn Description Logics}, journal = {ACM Trans. Comput. Log.}, volume = {14}, year = {2013}, pages = {2}, abstract = {Description Logics (DLs) have become a prominent paradigm for representing knowledge bases in a variety of application areas. Central to leveraging them for corresponding systems is the provision of a favourable balance between expressivity of the knowledge representation formalism on the one hand, and runtime performance of reasoning algorithms on the other. Due to this, Horn description logics (Horn DLs) have attracted attention since their (worst-case) data complexities are in general lower than their overall (i.e. combined) complexities, which makes them attractive for reasoning with large sets of instance data (ABoxes). However, the natural question whether Horn DLs also provide advantages for schema (TBox) reasoning has hardly been addressed so far. In this paper, we therefore provide a thorough and comprehensive analysis of the combined complexities of Horn DLs. While the combined complexity for many Horn DLs studied herein turns out to be the same as for their non-Horn counterparts, we identify subboolean DLs where Hornness simplifies reasoning. We also provide convenient normal forms for Horn DLs.}, keywords = {computational complexity, description logics, Horn logic}, doi = {10.1145/2422085.2422087}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2422085.2422087}, author = {Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Sebastian Rudolph and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {400, title = {Crowdsourcing Semantics for Big Data in Geoscience Applications}, booktitle = {Semantics for Big Data: Papers from the AAAI Symposium}, year = {2013}, month = {11/2013}, address = {Arlington, Virginia}, author = {Tom Narock and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Frank van Harmelen and Jim Hendler and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @conference {10, title = {DistEL: A Distributed EL+ Ontology Classifier}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Scalable Semantic Web Knowledge Base Systems, co-located with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2013)}, volume = {1046}, year = {2013}, month = {10/2013}, pages = {17-32}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, abstract = {OWL 2 EL ontologies are used to model and reason over data from diverse domains such as biomedicine, geography and road traffic. Data in these domains is increasing at a rate quicker than the increase in main memory and computation power of a single machine. Recent efforts in OWL reasoning algorithms lead to the decrease in classification time from several hours to a few seconds even for large ontologies like SNOMED CT. This is especially true for ontologies in the description logic EL+ (a fragment of the OWL 2 EL profile). Reasoners such as Pellet, Hermit, ELK etc. make an assumption that the ontology would fit in the main memory, which is unreasonable given projected increase in data volumes. Increase in the data volume also necessitates an increase in the computation power. This lead us to the use of a distributed system, so that memory and computation requirements can be spread across machines. We present a distributed system for the classification of EL+ ontologies along with some results on its scalability and performance.}, keywords = {Classification, DistEL, Distributed Reasoning, EL+, OWL, Scalability}, author = {Raghava Mutharaju and Pascal Hitzler and Prabhaker Mateti}, editor = {Thorsten Liebig and Achille Fokoue} } @conference {159, title = {D-SPARQ: Distributed, Scalable and Efficient RDF Query Engine}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ISWC 2013 Posters \& Demonstrations Track}, volume = {1035}, year = {2013}, pages = {261{\textendash}264}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, abstract = {

We present D-SPARQ, a distributed RDF query engine that combines the MapReduce processing framework with a NoSQL distributed data store, MongoDB. The performance of processing SPARQL queries mainly depends on the efficiency of handling the join operations between the RDF triple patterns. Our system features two unique characteristics that enable efficiently tackling this challenge: 1) Identifying specific patterns of the input queries that enable improving the performance by running different parts of the query in a parallel mode. 2) Using the triple selectivity information for reordering the individual triples of the input query within the identified query patterns. The preliminary results demonstrate the scalability and efficiency of our distributed RDF query engine.

}, keywords = {D-SPARQ, Distributed Querying, Scalable RDF querying, SPARQL}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1035/iswc2013_poster_21.pdf}, author = {Raghava Mutharaju and Sherif Sakr and Alessandra Sala and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Eva Blomqvist and Tudor Groza} } @conference {155, title = {Editing R2RML Mappings Made Easy}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ISWC 2013 Posters \& Demonstrations Track, Sydney, Australia, October 23, 2013}, volume = {1035}, year = {2013}, pages = {101{\textendash}104}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, author = {Kunal Sengupta and Peter Haase and Michael Schmidt and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Eva Blomqvist and Tudor Groza} } @conference {130, title = {A Geo-ontology Design Pattern for Semantic Trajectories}, booktitle = {Spatial Information Theory - 11th International Conference, COSIT 2013, Scarborough, UK, September 2-6, 2013. Proceedings}, year = {2013}, pages = {438{\textendash}456}, abstract = {

Trajectory data have been used in a variety of studies, including human behavior analysis, transportation management, and wildlife tracking. While each study area introduces a different perspective, they share the need to integrate positioning data with domain-specific information. Semantic annotations are necessary to improve discovery, reuse, and integration of trajectory data from different sources. Consequently, it would be beneficial if the common structure encountered in trajectory data could be annotated based on a shared vocabulary, abstracting from domain-specific aspects. Ontology design patterns are an increasingly popular approach to define such flexible and self-contained building blocks of annotations. They appear more suitable for the annotation of interdisciplinary, multi-thematic, and multi-perspective data than the use of foundational and domain ontologies alone. In this paper, we introduce such an ontology design pattern for semantic trajectories. It was developed as a community effort across multiple disciplines and in a data-driven fashion. We discuss the formalization of the pattern using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and apply the pattern to two different scenarios, personal travel and wildlife monitoring.

}, keywords = {Ontology Design Pattern, OWL, Trajectory}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-01790-7_24}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01790-7_24}, author = {Yingjie Hu and Krzysztof Janowicz and David Carral and Simon Scheider and Werner Kuhn and Gary Berg-Cross and Pascal Hitzler and Mike Dean and Dave Kolas} } @conference {410, title = {Grand Challenge: From Big Data to Knowledge}, booktitle = { Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation}, year = {2013}, address = {Arlington, VA}, author = {Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Natasha Noy and Deborah McGuinness} } @conference {409, title = {Knowledge Representation in the Big Data Age.}, booktitle = {NSF Workshop: Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation}, year = {2013}, address = {Arlington, VA}, author = {Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {289, title = {Leveraging Crowdsourcing and Linked Open Data for Geoscience Data Sharing and Discovery}, booktitle = {2013 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting}, year = {2013}, address = {San Francisco, CA, USA}, author = {Thomas Narock and Eric A. Rozell and Pascal Hitzler and Robert Arko and Cynthia Chandler and Brian D. Wilson} } @conference {411, title = {Lightweight KR}, booktitle = {Final Report on the 2013 NSF Workshop on Research Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Representation}, year = {2013}, address = {Arlington, VA}, author = {Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Natasha Noy and Deborah McGuinness} } @article {63, title = {Linked Data, Big Data, and the 4th Paradigm}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {4}, year = {2013}, pages = {233{\textendash}235}, abstract = {It appears to be uncontroversial that Linked Data is part of the Big Data landscape. We even go a bit further and claim that Linked Data is an ideal testbed for researching some key Big Data challenges and to experience the 4th paradigm of science in action.}, doi = {10.3233/SW-130117}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-130117}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @conference {153, title = {Linked Scientometrics: Designing Interactive Scientometrics with Linked Data and Semantic Web Reasoning}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ISWC 2013 Posters \& Demonstrations Track, Sydney, Australia, October 23, 2013}, volume = {1035}, year = {2013}, pages = {53{\textendash}56}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, author = {Grant McKenzie and Krzysztof Janowicz and Yingjie Hu and Kunal Sengupta and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Eva Blomqvist and Tudor Groza} } @conference {49, title = {A Linked-Data-Driven and Semantically-Enabled Journal Portal for Scientometrics}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web - ISWC 2013 - 12th International Semantic Web Conference, Sydney, NSW, Australia, October 21-25, 2013, Proceedings, Part II}, volume = {8219}, year = {2013}, pages = {114{\textendash}129}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Yingjie Hu and Krzysztof Janowicz and Grant McKenzie and Kunal Sengupta and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Harith Alani and Lalana Kagal and Achille Fokoue and Paul T. Groth and Chris Biemann and Josiane Xavier Parreira and Lora Aroyo and Natasha F. Noy and Chris Welty and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @conference {175, title = {Logical linked data compression}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web: Semantics and Big Data.10th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2013, Montpellier, France, May 26-30, 2013. }, year = {2013}, pages = {170{\textendash}184}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Joshi, Amit Krishna and Pascal Hitzler and Dong, Guozhu} } @article {64, title = {The New Manuscript Review System for the Semantic Web Journal}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {4}, year = {2013}, pages = {117}, doi = {10.3233/SW-130095}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-130095}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Kunal Sengupta} } @conference {129, title = {An Ontology Design Pattern for Cartographic Map Scaling}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web: Semantics and Big Data, 10th International Conference, ESWC 2013, Montpellier, France, May 26-30, 2013. Proceedings}, volume = {7882}, year = {2013}, pages = {76{\textendash}93}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, abstract = {

The concepts of scale is at the core of cartographic abstraction and mapping. It defines which geographic phenomena should be displayed, which type of geometry and map symbol to use, which measures can be taken, as well as the degree to which features need to be exaggerated or spatially displaced. In this work, we present an ontology design pattern for map scaling using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) within a particular extension of the OWL RL profile. We explain how it can be used to describe scaling applications, to reason over scale levels, and geometric representations. We propose an axiomatization that allows us to impose meaningful constraints on the pattern, and, thus, to go beyond simple surface semantics. Interestingly, this includes several functional constraints currently not expressible in any of the OWL profiles. We show that for this specific scenario, the addition of such constraints does not increase the reasoning complexity which remains tractable.

}, keywords = {Map Scaling, Ontology Design Patterns, OWL}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-38288-8_6}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38288-8_6}, author = {David Carral and Simon Scheider and Krzysztof Janowicz and Charles Vardeman and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Philipp Cimiano and {\'O}scar Corcho and Valentina Presutti and Laura Hollink and Sebastian Rudolph} } @article {61, title = {Paraconsistent OWL and Related Logics}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {4}, year = {2013}, pages = {395{\textendash}427}, abstract = {The Web Ontology Language OWL is currently the most prominent formalism for representing ontologies in Semantic Web applications. OWL is based on description logics, and automated reasoners are used to infer knowledge implicitly present in OWL ontologies. However, because typical description logics obey the classical principle of explosion, reasoning over inconsistent ontologies is impossible in OWL. This is so despite the fact that inconsistencies are bound to occur in many realistic cases, e.g., when multiple ontologies are merged or when ontologies are created by machine learning or data mining tools. In this paper, we present four-valued paraconsistent description logics which can reason over inconsistencies. We focus on logics corresponding to OWL DL and its profiles. We present the logic SROIQ4, showing that it is both sound relative to classical SROIQ and that its embedding into SROIQ is consequence preserving. We also examine paraconsistent varieties of EL++, DL-Lite, and Horn-DLs. The general framework described here has the distinct advantage of allowing classical reasoners to draw sound but nontrivial conclusions from even inconsistent knowledge bases. Truth-value gaps and gluts can also be selectively eliminated from models (by inserting additional axioms into knowledge bases). If gaps but not gluts are eliminated, additional classical conclusions can be drawn without affecting paraconsistency.}, keywords = {Automated Deduction, Complexity, Description Logic, OWL, Paraconsistency, Semantic Web, Web Ontology Language}, doi = {10.3233/SW-2012-0066}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2012-0066}, author = {Frederick Maier and Yue Ma and Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {311, title = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy{\textquoteright}13, at the 23rd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China, August 2013}, journal = {Ninth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy{\textquoteright}13, at the 23rd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, year = {2013}, address = {Beijing, China}, editor = {Artur S. d{\textquoteright}Avila Garcez and Pascal Hitzler and Lu{\'\i}s C. Lamb} } @article {62, title = {Reasoning with Inconsistencies in Hybrid MKNF Knowledge Bases}, journal = {Logic Journal of the IGPL}, volume = {21}, year = {2013}, pages = {263{\textendash}290}, abstract = {This paper is concerned with the handling of inconsistencies occurring in the combination of description logics and rules, especially in hybrid MKNF knowledge bases. More precisely, we present a paraconsistent semantics for hybrid MKNF knowledge bases (called para-MKNF knowledge bases) based on four-valued logic as proposed by Belnap. We also reduce this paraconsistent semantics to the stable model semantics via a linear transformation operator, which shows the relationship between the two semantics and indicates that the data complexity in our paradigm is not higher than that of classical reasoning. Moreover, we provide fixpoint operators to compute paraconsistent MKNF models, each suitable to different kinds of rules. At last we present the data complexity of instance checking in different paraMKNF knowledge bases.}, keywords = {Data complexity, Description logics and rules, Knowledge representation, Non-monotonic reasoning, Paraconsistent reasoning}, doi = {10.1093/jigpal/jzs043}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzs043}, author = {Shasha Huang and Qingguo Li and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {164, title = {Scale reasoning with fuzzy-EL+ ontologies based on MapReduce}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IJCAI-2013 Workshop on Weighted Logics for Artificial Intelligence (WL4AI 2013)}, year = {2013}, pages = {87-93}, address = {Beijing, China}, abstract = {

Fuzzy extension of Description Logics (DLs) allows the formal representation and handling of fuzzy or vague knowledge. In this paper, we consider the problem of reasoning with fuzzy-EL+, which is a fuzzy extension of EL+. We first identify the challenges and present revised completion classification rules for fuzzy-EL+ that can be handled by MapReduce programs. We then propose an algorithm for scale reasoning with fuzzy-EL+ ontologies using MapReduce. Some preliminary experimental results are provided to show the scalability of our algorithm.

}, author = {Zhangquan Zhou and Guilin Qi and Chang Liu and Pascal Hitzler and Raghava Mutharaju}, editor = {Lluis Godo and Henri Prade and Guilin Qi} } @proceedings {310, title = {Semantics for Big Data: Papers from the AAAI Symposium, November 15-17, 2013, Arlington, Virginia}, journal = {AAAI Symposium on Semantics for Big Data}, year = {2013}, address = {Arlington, Virginia, USA}, editor = {Frank van Harmelen and James A. Hendler and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @conference {21, title = {SROIQ Syntax Approximation by Using Nominal Schemas}, booktitle = {Informal Proceedings of the 26th International Workshop on Description Logics, Ulm, Germany, July 23 - 26, 2013}, year = {2013}, pages = {988{\textendash}999}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1014/paper_31.pdf}, author = {Cong Wang and David Carral and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {101, title = {String Similarity Metrics for Ontology Alignment}, booktitle = {International Semantic Web Conference}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, abstract = {

}, author = {Michelle Cheatham and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {103, title = {StringsAuto and MapSSS Results for OAEI 2013}, booktitle = {8th International Workshop on Ontology Matching}, year = {2013}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, author = {Michelle Cheatham and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {308, title = {There{\textquoteright}s No Money in Linked Data}, year = {2013}, institution = {DaSe Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Wright State University}, address = {Dayton, OH, USA}, abstract = {

Linked Data (LD) has been an active research area for more than 6 years and many aspects about publishing, retrieving, linking, and cleaning Linked Data have been investigated. There seems to be a broad and general agreement that in principle LD datasets can be very useful for solving a wide variety of problems ranging from practical industrial analytics to highly specific research problems. Having these notions in mind, we started exploring the use of notable LD datasets such as DBpedia, Freebase, Geonames and others for a commercial application. However, it turns out that using these datasets in realistic settings is not always easy. Surprisingly, in many cases the underlying issues are not technical but legal barriers erected by the LD data publishers. In this paper we argue that these barriers are often not justified, detrimental to both data publishers and users, and are often built without much consideration of their consequences.

}, author = {Prateek Jain and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Chitra Venkatramani} } @conference {401, title = {Thoughts on the Complex Relation Between Linked Data, Semantic Annotations, and Ontologies}, booktitle = {ESAIR{\textquoteright}13, Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Exploiting Semantic Annotations in Information Retrieval, co-located with {CIKM} 2013, San Francisco, CA, USA, October 28, 2013}, year = {2013}, pages = {41{\textendash}44}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, address = {San Francisco, CA}, abstract = {The relation between data, annotations, and schemata seems straightforward at first: Data are annotated with additional meta information according to some schemata in order to expose additional non-intrinsic characteristics relevant to the meaningful interpretation of said data. However, on closer examination, things are not as simple. Focusing on geo-information retrieval, we will try to disentangle the aforementioned relations. We will report from our own experience and from observations gathered by editing papers about ontologies and Linked Data for the Semantic Web journal.}, doi = {10.1145/2513204.2513218}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2513204.2513218}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Paul N. Bennett and Evgeniy Gabrilovich and Jaap Kamps and Jussi Karlgren} } @conference {128, title = {Towards an Efficient Algorithm to Reason over Description Logics Extended with Nominal Schemas}, booktitle = {Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 7th International Conference, {RR} 2013, Mannheim, Germany, July 27-29, 2013. Proceedings}, year = {2013}, pages = {65{\textendash}79}, abstract = {

Extending description logics with so-called nominal schemas has been shown to be a major step towards integrating description logics with rules paradigms. However, establishing efficient algorithms for reasoning with nominal schemas has so far been a challenge. In this paper, we present an algorithm to reason with the description logic fragment ELROVn, a fragment that extends EL++ with nominal schemas. We also report on an implementation and experimental evaluation of the algorithm, which shows that our approach is indeed rather efficient.

}, keywords = {description logics, EL++, Nominal Schemas}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-39666-3_6}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39666-3_6}, author = {David Carral and Cong Wang and Pascal Hitzler} } @book {290, title = {语义Web技术基础}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Tsinghua University Press}, organization = {Tsinghua University Press}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Sebastian Rudolph} } @inbook {174, title = {Alignment-based querying of linked open data}, booktitle = {On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012}, year = {2012}, pages = {807{\textendash}824}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, author = {Joshi, Amit Krishna and Prateek Jain and Pascal Hitzler and Peter Z. Yeh and Kunal Verma and Amit Sheth and Mariana Damova} } @article {68, title = {Cognitive Approaches for the Semantic Web (Dagstuhl Seminar 12221)}, journal = {Dagstuhl Reports}, volume = {2}, year = {2012}, pages = {93{\textendash}116}, doi = {10.4230/DagRep.2.5.93}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4230/DagRep.2.5.93}, author = {Dedre Gentner and Frank van Harmelen and Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Kai-Uwe K{\"u}hnberger} } @conference {23, title = {Consequence-Based Procedure for Description Logics with Self-Restriction}, booktitle = {Semantic Web and Web Science - 6th Chinese Semantic Web Symposium and 1st Chinese Web Science Conference, CSWS 2012, Shenzhen, China, November 28-30, 2012.}, year = {2012}, pages = {169{\textendash}180}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-6880-6_15}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6880-6_15}, author = {Cong Wang and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {66, title = {The Digital Earth as Knowledge Engine}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {3}, year = {2012}, pages = {213{\textendash}221}, abstract = {The Digital Earth aims at developing a digital representation of the planet. It is motivated by the need for integrating and interlinking vast geo-referenced, multi-thematic, and multi-perspective knowledge archives that cut through domain boundaries. Complex scientific questions cannot be answered from within one domain alone but span over multiple scientific disciplines. For instance, studying disease dynamics for prediction and policy making requires data and models from a diverse body of science ranging from medical science and epidemiology over geography and economics to mining the social Web. The naive assumption that such problems can simply be addressed by more data with a higher spatial, temporal, and thematic resolution fails as long as this more on data is not supported by more knowledge on how to combine and interpret the data. This makes semantic interoperability a core research topic of data-intensive science. While the Digital Earth vision includes processing services, it is, at its very core, a data archive and infrastructure. We propose to redefine the Digital Earth as a knowledge engine and discuss what the Semantic Web has to offer in this context and to Big Data in general.}, doi = {10.3233/SW-2012-0070}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2012-0070}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {127, title = {Extending Description Logic Rules}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web: Research and Applications - 9th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2012, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 27-31, 2012. Proceedings}, year = {2012}, pages = {345{\textendash}359}, abstract = {

Description Logics {\textendash} the logics underpinning the Web Ontology Language OWL {\textendash} and rules are currently the most prominent paradigms used for modeling knowledge for the Semantic Web. While both of these approaches are based on classical logic, the paradigms also differ significantly, so that naive combinations result in undesirable properties such as undecidability. Recent work has shown that many rules can in fact be expressed in OWL. In this paper we extend this work to include some types of rules previously excluded. We formally define a set of first order logic rules, C-Rules, which can be expressed within OWL extended with role conjunction. We also show that the use of nominal schemas results in even broader coverage.

}, keywords = {description logics, OWL, Rules}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-30284-8_30}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30284-8_30}, author = {David Carral and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {125, title = {Integrating {OWL} and Rules: A Syntax Proposal for Nominal Schemas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of OWL: Experiences and Directions Workshop 2012, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 27-28, 2012}, volume = {849}, year = {2012}, month = {05/2012}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, abstract = {This paper proposes an addition to OWL 2 syntax to incorporate nominal schemas, which is a new description-logic style extension of OWL 2 which was recently proposed, and which makes is possible to express {\textquotedblleft}variable nominal classes{\textquotedblright} within axioms in an OWL 2 ontology. Nominal schemas make it possible to express DL-safe rules of arbitrary arity within the extended OWL paradigm, hence covering the well-known DL-safe SWRL language. To express this feature, we extend OWL 2 syntax to include necessary and minimal modifications to both Functional and Manchester syntax grammars and mappings from these two syntaxes to Turtle/RDF. We also include several examples to clarify the proposal.}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-849/paper_6.pdf}, author = {David Carral and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Pavel Klinov and Matthew Horridge} } @conference {402, title = {Key Ingredients For Your Next Semantics Elevator Talk}, booktitle = {Advances in Conceptual Modeling - {ER} 2012 Workshops CMS, ECDM-NoCoDA, MoDIC, MORE-BI, RIGiM, SeCoGIS, WISM, Florence, Italy, October 15-18, 2012. Proceedings}, volume = {7518}, year = {2012}, pages = {213{\textendash}220}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Florence, Italy}, abstract = {

2012 brought a major change to the semantics research community. Discussions on the use and benefits of semantic technologies are shifting away from the why to the how. Surprisingly this more in stakeholder interest is not accompanied by a more detailed understanding of what semantics research is about. Instead of blaming others for their (wrong) expectations, we need to learn how to emphasize the paradigm shift proposed by semantics research while abstracting from technical details and advocate the added value in a way that relates to the immediate needs of individual stakeholders without overselling. This paper highlights some of the major ingredients to prepare your next Semantics Elevator Talk.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-33999-8_27}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33999-8_27}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Silvana Castano and Panos Vassiliadis and Laks V. S. Lakshmanan and Mong-Li Lee} } @conference {126, title = {A logical geo-ontology design pattern for quantifying over types}, booktitle = {SIGSPATIAL 2012 International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (formerly known as GIS), SIGSPATIAL{\textquoteright}12, Redondo Beach, CA, USA, November 7-9, 2012}, year = {2012}, pages = {239{\textendash}248}, keywords = {Biodiversity, description logics, Ontology Design Patterns, OWL}, doi = {10.1145/2424321.2424352}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2424321.2424352}, author = {David Carral and Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {97, title = {Moving beyond SameAs with PLATO: Partonomy detection for Linked Data}, booktitle = {23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media, HT {\textquoteright}12}, year = {2012}, pages = {33{\textendash}42}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, address = {Milwaukee, WI, USA}, abstract = {

The Linked Open Data (LOD) Cloud has gained significant traction over the past few years. With over 275 interlinked datasets across diverse domains such as life science, geography, politics, and more, the LOD Cloud has the potential to support a variety of applications ranging from open domain question answering to drug discovery.

Despite its significant size (approx. 30 billion triples), the data is relatively sparely interlinked (approx. 400 million links). A semantically richer LOD Cloud is needed to fully realize its potential. Data in the LOD Cloud are currently interlinked mainly via the owl:sameAs property, which is inadequate for many applications. Additional properties capturing relations based on causality or partonomy are needed to enable the answering of complex questions and to support applications.

In this paper, we present a solution to enrich the LOD Cloud by automatically detecting partonomic relationships, which are well-established, fundamental properties grounded in linguistics and philosophy. We empirically evaluate our solution across several domains, and show that our approach performs well on detecting partonomic properties between LOD Cloud data.

}, keywords = {Linked Open Data Cloud, Mereology, Part of Relation}, doi = {10.1145/2309996.2310004}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2309996.2310004}, author = {Prateek Jain and Pascal Hitzler and Kunal Verma and Peter Z. Yeh and Amit Sheth}, editor = {Ethan V. Munson and Markus Strohmaier} } @article {71, title = {Open and transparent: the review process of the Semantic Web journal}, journal = {Learned Publishing}, volume = {25}, year = {2012}, pages = {48-55}, abstract = {

While open access is established in the world of academic publishing, open reviews are rare. The Semantic Web journal goes further than just open review by implementing an open and transparent review process in which reviews are publicly available, the assigned editors and reviewers are known by name, and are published together with accepted manuscripts. In this article we introduce the steps to realize such a process from the conceptual design, over the implementation, a overview of the results so far, and up to lessons learned.

}, author = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {303, title = {OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: Primer (Second Edition)}, year = {2012}, month = {12/11/2012}, pages = {W3C Recommendation}, url = {http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-primer}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Bijan Parsia and Peter F. Patel-Schneider and Sebastian Rudolph} } @proceedings {312, title = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy{\textquoteright}12, at the 26th Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-12, Toronto, Canada, July 2012}, journal = {Eighth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy{\textquoteright}12, at the 26th Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-12}, year = {2012}, address = {Toronto, Canada}, editor = {Artur S. d{\textquoteright}Avila Garcez and Pascal Hitzler and Lu{\'\i}s C. Lamb} } @article {216, title = {Reasoning Approaches for Nominal Schemas}, volume = {Poster and Demonstration Proceedings}, year = {2012}, publisher = {JIST}, address = {Nara, Japan}, author = {Cong Wang and Adila Krisnadhi and David Carral and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {96, title = {Reasoning with Fuzzy-EL+ Ontologies Using MapReduce}, booktitle = {ECAI 2012 - 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Including Prestigious Applications of Artificial Intelligence (PAIS-2012) System Demonstrations Track}, volume = {242}, year = {2012}, pages = {933{\textendash}934}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Montpellier, France}, abstract = {

Fuzzy extension of Description Logics (DLs) allows the formal representation and handling of fuzzy knowledge. In this paper, we consider fuzzy-EL+, which is a fuzzy extension of EL+. We first present revised completion rules for fuzzy-EL+ that can be handled by MapReduce programs. We then propose an algorithm for scale reasoning with fuzzy-EL+ ontologies based on MapReduce.

}, doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-098-7-933}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-098-7-933}, author = {Zhangquan Zhou and Guilin Qi and Chang Liu and Pascal Hitzler and Raghava Mutharaju}, editor = {Luc De Raedt and Christian Bessi{\`e}re and Didier Dubois and Patrick Doherty and Paolo Frasconi and Fredrik Heintz and Peter J. F. Lucas} } @conference {124, title = {Recent Advances in Integrating {OWL} and Rules}, booktitle = {Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 6th International Conference, RR 2012, Vienna, Austria, September 10-12, 2012. Proceedings}, volume = {7497}, year = {2012}, month = {09/2012}, pages = {225-228}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Austria, Vienna}, abstract = {As part of the quest for a unifying logic for the Semantic Web Technology Stack, a central issue is finding suitable ways of integrating description logics based on the Web Ontology Language (OWL) with rule-based approaches based on logic programming. Such integration is difficult since naive approaches typically result in the violation of one or more desirable design principles. For example, while both OWL 2 DL and RIF Core (a dialect of the Rule Interchange Format RIF) are decidable, their naive union is not, unless carefully chosen syntactic restrictions are applied. We report on recent advances and ongoing work by the authors in integrating OWL and rulesWe take an OWL-centric perspective, which means that we take OWL 2 DL as a starting point and pursue the question of how features of rulebased formalisms can be added without jeopardizing decidability. We also report on incorporating the closed world assumption and on reasoning algorithms. This paper essentially serves as an entry point to the original papers, to which we will refer throughout, where detailed expositions of the results can be found.}, keywords = {description logics, OWL, Rules}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-33203-6_20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33203-6_20}, author = {Matthias Knorr and David Carral and Pascal Hitzler and Adila Krisnadhi and Frederick Maier and Cong Wang}, editor = {Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Umberto Straccia} } @conference {95, title = {Reconciling OWL and Non-monotonic Rules for the Semantic Web}, booktitle = {ECAI 2012 - 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Including Prestigious Applications of Artificial Intelligence (PAIS-2012) System Demonstrations Track}, volume = {242}, year = {2012}, pages = {474{\textendash}479}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Montpellier, France}, abstract = {

We propose a description logic extending SROIQ (the description logic underlying OWL 2 DL) and at the same time encompassing some of the most prominent monotonic and nonmonotonic rule languages, in particular Datalog extended with the answer set semantics. Our proposal could be considered a substantial contribution towards fulfilling the quest for a unifying logic for the Semantic Web. As a case in point, two non-monotonic extensions of description logics considered to be of distinct expressiveness until now are covered in our proposal. In contrast to earlier such proposals, our language has the {\textquotedblleft}look and feel{\textquotedblright} of a description logic and avoids hybrid or first-order syntaxes.

}, doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-098-7-474}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-098-7-474}, author = {Matthias Knorr and Pascal Hitzler and Frederick Maier}, editor = {Luc De Raedt and Christian Bessi{\`e}re and Didier Dubois and Patrick Doherty and Paolo Frasconi and Fredrik Heintz and Peter J. F. Lucas} } @article {67, title = {Reports of the AAAI 2012 Conference Workshops}, journal = {AI Magazine}, volume = {33}, year = {2012}, pages = {119{\textendash}127}, url = {http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2444}, author = {Vikas Agrawal and Jorge Baier and Kostas E. Bekris and Yiling Chen and Artur S. d{\textquoteright}Avila Garcez and Pascal Hitzler and Patrik Haslum and Dietmar Jannach and Edith Law and Freddy L{\'e}cu{\'e} and Lu{\'\i}s C. Lamb and Cynthia Matuszek and H{\'e}ctor Palacios and Biplav Srivastava and Lokendra Shastri and Nathan R. Sturtevant and Roni Stern and Stefanie Tellex and Stavros Vassos} } @article {72, title = {Reports of the AAAI 2012 Conference Workshops}, journal = {AI Magazine}, volume = {33}, year = {2012}, pages = {119-127}, url = {http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2444}, author = {Vikas Agrawal and Jorge Baier and Kostas E. Bekris and Yiling Chen and Artur S. d{\textquoteright}Avila Garcez and Pascal Hitzler and Patrik Haslum and Dietmar Jannach and Edith Law and Freddy L{\'e}cu{\'e} and Lu{\'\i}s C. Lamb and Cynthia Matuszek and H{\'e}ctor Palacios and Biplav Srivastava and Lokendra Shastri and Nathan R. Sturtevant and Roni Stern and Stefanie Tellex and Stavros Vassos} } @conference {22, title = {A Resolution Procedure for Description Logics with Nominal Schemas}, booktitle = {Semantic Technology, Second Joint International Conference, JIST 2012, Nara, Japan, December 2-4, 2012. Proceedings}, year = {2012}, pages = {1{\textendash}16}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-37996-3_1}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37996-3_1}, author = {Cong Wang and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {307, title = {Semantic Aspects of EarthCube}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

In this document, we give a high-level overview of selected Semantic (Web) technologies, methods, and other important considerations, that are relevant for the success of EarthCube. The goal of this initial document is to provide entry points and references for discussions between the Semantic Technologies experts and the domain experts within EarthCube. The selected topics are intended to ground the EarthCube roadmap in the state of the art in semantics research and ontology engineering.

We anticipate that this document will evolve as EarthCube progresses. Indeed, all EarthCube parties are asked to provide topics of importance that should be treated in future versions of this document.

}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz and Gary Berg-Cross and Leo Obrst and Amit Sheth and Timothy Finin and Isabel Cruz} } @conference {403, title = {Semantics and Ontologies for EarthCube}, booktitle = {Workshop on GIScience in the Big Data Age, In conjunction with the seventh International Conference on Geographic Information Science 2012 (GIScience 2012)}, year = {2012}, address = {Columbus, Ohio, USA}, abstract = {

Semantic technologies and ontologies play an increasing role in scientific workflow systems and knowledge infrastructures. While ontologies are mostly used for the semantic annotation of metadata, semantic technologies enable searching metadata catalogs beyond simple keywords, with some early evidence of semantics used for data translation. However, the next generation of distributed and interdisciplinary knowledge infrastructures will require capabilities beyond simple subsumption reasoning over subclass relations. In this work, we report from the EarthCube Semantics Community by highlighting which role semantics and ontologies should play in the EarthCube knowledge infrastructure. We target the interested domain scientist and, thus, introduce the value proposition of semantic technologies in a non-technical language. Finally, we commit ourselves to some guiding principles for the successful implementation and application of semantic technologies and ontologies within EarthCube.

}, author = {Gary Berg-Cross and Isabel Cruz and Mike Dean and Tim Finin and Mark Gahegan and Pascal Hitzler and Hook Hua and Krzysztof Janowicz and Naicong Li and Philip Murphy and Bryce Nordgren and Leo Obrst and Mark Schildhauer and Amit Sheth and Krishna Sinha and Anne Thessen and Nancy Wiegand and Ilya Zaslavsky}, editor = {Krzysztof Janowicz and C. Kessler and T. Kauppinen and Dave Kolas and Simon Scheider} } @conference {19, title = {A Tableau Algorithm for Description Logics with Nominal Schemas}, booktitle = {Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, 6th International Conference, RR2012, Vienna, Austria, September 10-12, 2012, Proceedings}, volume = {7497}, year = {2012}, month = {09/2012}, pages = {234-237}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, abstract = {

We present a tableau algorithm for the description logic\ ALCOV. This description logic is obtained by extending the description\ logic ALCO with the expressive nominal schema construct that enables\ DL-safe datalog with predicates of arbitrary arity to be covered within\ the description logic framework. The tableau algorithm provides a basis to implement a delayed grounding strategy which was not facilitated\ by earlier versions of decision procedures for satisfiability in expressive\ description logics with nominal schemas.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-33203-6_22}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Umberto Straccia} } @conference {176, title = {Towards logical linked data compression}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Large and Heterogeneous Data and Quantitative Formalization in the Semantic Web, LHD+ SemQuant2012, at the 11th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC2012}, year = {2012}, author = {Joshi, Amit Krishna and Pascal Hitzler and Dong, Guozhu} } @article {65, title = {Type-Elimination-Based Reasoning for the Description Logic SHIQbs using Decision Diagrams and Disjunctive Datalog}, journal = {Logical Methods in Computer Science}, volume = {8}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We propose a novel, type-elimination-based method for standard reasoning in the description logic SHIQbs extended by DL-safe rules. To this end, we first establish a knowledge compilation method converting the terminological part of an ALCIb knowledge base into an ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) that represents a canonical model. This OBDD can in turn be transformed into disjunctive Datalog and merged with the assertional part of the knowledge base in order to perform combined reasoning. In order to leverage our technique for full SHIQbs, we provide a stepwise reduction from SHIQbs to ALCIb that preserves satisfiability and entailment of positive and negative ground facts. The proposed technique is shown to be worst-case optimal w.r.t. combined and data complexity.}, keywords = {datalog, decision diagrams, description logics, type elimination}, doi = {10.2168/LMCS-8(1:12)2012}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2168/LMCS-8(1:12)2012}, author = {Sebastian Rudolph and Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {139, title = {A Better Uncle for {OWL}: Nominal Schemas for Integrating Rules and Ontologies}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2011, Hyderabad, India, March 28 - April 1, 2011}, year = {2011}, month = {03/2011}, pages = {645-654}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, abstract = {We propose a description-logic style extension of OWL 2 with nominal schemas which can be used like "variable nominal classes" within axioms. This feature allows ontology languages to express arbitrary DL-safe rules (as expressible in SWRL or RIF) in their native syntax. We show that adding nominal schemas to OWL 2 does not increase the worst-case reasoning complexity, and we identify a novel tractable language SROELV3(\cap, x) that is versatile enough to capture the lightweight languages OWL EL and OWL RL.}, keywords = {datalog, Description Logic, Semantic Web Rule Language, SROIQ, tractability, Web Ontology Language}, isbn = {978-1-4503-0632-4}, doi = {10.1145/1963405.1963496}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1963405.1963496}, author = {Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Frederick Maier and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Sadagopan Srinivasan and Krithi Ramamritham and Arun Kumar and M. P. Ravindra and Elisa Bertino and Ravi Kumar} } @article {73, title = {Computing Inconsistency Measure based on Paraconsistent Semantics}, journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, volume = {21}, year = {2011}, pages = {1257{\textendash}1281}, abstract = {

Measuring inconsistency in knowledge bases has been recognized as an important problem in several research areas. Many methods have been proposed to solve this problem and a main class of them is based on some kind of paraconsistent semantics. However, existing methods suffer from two limitations: 1) They are mostly restricted to propositional knowledge bases; 2) Very few of them discuss computational aspects of computing inconsistency measures. In this paper, we try to solve these two limitations by exploring algorithms for computing an inconsistency measure of first-order knowledge bases. After introducing a four-valued semantics for first-order logic, we define an inconsistency measure of a first-order knowledge base, which is a sequence of inconsistency degrees. We then propose a precise algorithm to compute our inconsistency measure. We show that this algorithm reduces the computation of the inconsistency measure to classical satisfiability checking. This is done by introducing a new semantics, named S[n]-4 semantics, which can be calculated by invoking a classical SAT solver. Moreover, we show that this auxiliary semantics also gives a direct way to compute upper and lower bounds of inconsistency degrees. That is, it can be easily revised to compute approximating inconsistency measures. The approximating inconsistency measures converge to the precise values if enough resources are available. Finally, by some nice properties of the S[n]-4 semantics, we show that some upper and lower bounds can be computed in P-time, which says that the problem of computing these approximating inconsistency measures is tractable.

}, doi = {10.1093/logcom/exq053}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exq053}, author = {Yue Ma and Guilin Qi and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {99, title = {Contextual Ontology Alignment of LOD with an Upper Ontology: A Case Study with Proton}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web: Research and Applications - 8th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2011}, volume = {6643}, year = {2011}, pages = {80{\textendash}92}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heraklion, Crete, Greece}, abstract = {

The Linked Open Data (LOD) is a major milestone towards realizing the Semantic Web vision, and can enable applications such as robust Question Answering (QA) systems that can answer queries requiring multiple, disparate information sources. However, realizing these applications requires relationships at both the schema and instance level, but currently the LOD only provides relationships for the latter. To address this limitation, we present a solution for automatically finding schema-level links between two LOD ontologies {\textendash} in the sense of ontology alignment. Our solution, called BLOOMS+, extends our previous solution (i.e. BLOOMS) in two significant ways. BLOOMS+ 1) uses a more sophisticated metric to determine which classes between two ontologies to align, and 2) considers contextual information to further support (or reject) an alignment. We present a comprehensive evaluation of our solution using schema-level mappings from LOD ontologies to Proton (an upper level ontology) {\textendash} created manually by human experts for a real world application called FactForge. We show that our solution performed well on this task. We also show that our solution significantly outperformed existing ontology alignment solutions (including our previously published work on BLOOMS) on this same task.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-21034-1_6}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21034-1_6}, author = {Prateek Jain and Peter Z. Yeh and Kunal Verma and Reymonrod G. Vasquez and Mariana Damova and Pascal Hitzler and Amit Sheth}, editor = {Grigoris Antoniou and Marko Grobelnik and Elena Paslaru Bontas Simperl and Bijan Parsia and Dimitris Plexousakis and Pieter De Leenheer and Jeff Z. Pan} } @article {74, title = {Local Closed World Reasoning with Description Logics under the Well-Founded Semantics}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {175}, year = {2011}, pages = {1528{\textendash}1554}, abstract = {

An important question for the upcoming Semantic Web is how to best combine open world ontology languages, such as the OWL-based ones, with closed world rule-based languages. One of the most mature proposals for this combination is known as hybrid MKNF knowledge bases [52], and it is based on an adaptation of the Stable Model Semantics to knowledge bases consisting of ontology axioms and rules. In this paper we propose a well-founded semantics for nondisjunctive hybrid MKNF knowledge bases that promises to provide better efficiency of reasoning, and that is compatible with both the OWL-based semantics and the traditional Well-Founded Semantics for logic programs. Moreover, our proposal allows for the detection of inconsistencies, possibly occurring in tightly integrated ontology axioms and rules, with only little additional effort. We also identify tractable fragments of the resulting language.

}, keywords = {Description Logic, Knowledge representation, Logic Programming, Non-monotonic reasoning, Ontologies, Semantic Web}, doi = {10.1016/j.artint.2011.01.007}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2011.01.007}, author = {Matthias Knorr and Jos{\'e} J{\'u}lio Alferes and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {141, title = {Local Closed World Semantics: Grounded Circumscription for Description Logics}, booktitle = {Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 5th International Conference, RR 2011, Galway, Ireland, August 29-30, 2011. Proceedings}, volume = {6902}, year = {2011}, month = {08/2011}, pages = {263-268}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, abstract = {We present an improved local closed world extension for description logics. It is based on circumscription, and deviates from previous circumscriptive description logics in that extensions of minimized predicates may contain only extensions of named individuals in the knowledge base. Besides an (arguably) higher intuitive appeal, the improved semantics is applicable to expressive description logics without loss of decidability.}, isbn = {978-3-642-23579-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-23580-1}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23580-1}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Kunal Sengupta and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Sebastian Rudolph and Claudio Gutierrez} } @conference {48, title = {Local Closed World Semantics: Grounded Circumscription for {OWL}}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web - ISWC 2011 - 10th International Semantic Web Conference, Bonn, Germany, October 23-27, 2011, Proceedings, Part I}, volume = {7031}, year = {2011}, month = {10/2011}, pages = {617-632}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, abstract = {We present a new approach to adding closed world reasoning to the Web Ontology Language OWL. It transcends previous work on circumscriptive description logics which had the drawback of yielding an undecidable logic unless severe restrictions were imposed. In particular, it was not possible, in general, to apply local closure to roles. In this paper, we provide a new approach, called grounded circumscription, which is applicable to SROIQ and other description logics around OWL without these restrictions. We show that the resulting language is decidable, and we derive an upper complexity bound. We also provide a decision procedure in the form of a tableaux algorithm.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-25073-6_39}, author = {Kunal Sengupta and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Lora Aroyo and Chris Welty and Harith Alani and Jamie Taylor and Abraham Bernstein and Lalana Kagal and Natasha F. Noy and Eva Blomqvist} } @conference {143, title = {Local Closed World Semantics: Keep it simple, stupid!}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2011), Barcelona, Spain, July 13-16, 2011}, volume = {745}, year = {2011}, month = {07/2011}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, abstract = {A combination of open and closed-world reasoning (usually called local closed world reasoning) is a desirable capability of knowledge representation formalisms for Semantic Web applications. However, none of the proposals made to date for extending description logics with local closed world capabilities has had any significant impact on applications. We believe that one of the key reasons for this is that current proposals fail to provide approaches which are intuitively accessible for application developers and at the same time are applicable, as extensions, to expressive description logics such as SROIQ, which underlies the Web Ontology Language OWL. In this paper we propose a new approach which overcomes key limitations of other major proposals made to date. It is based on an adaptation of circumscriptive description logics which, in contrast to previously reported circumscription proposals, is applicable to SROIQ without rendering reasoning over the resulting language undecidable.}, keywords = {circumscription, closed world, decidability, Description Logic}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-745/paper_12.pdf}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Kunal Sengupta and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Riccardo Rosati and Sebastian Rudolph and Michael Zakharyaschev} } @book {291, title = {Logik und Logikprogrammierung Band 2: Aufgaben und L{\"o}sungen}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Synchron Verlag}, organization = {Synchron Verlag}, address = {Heidelberg, Germany}, issn = {978-3-935025-85-0}, author = {Steffen H{\"o}lldobler and Sebastian Bader and Bertram Fronh{\"o}fer and Ursula Hans and Pascal Hitzler and Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Tobias Pietzsch} } @proceedings {297, title = {On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2011. Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA-SVI, and ODBASE 2011, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, October 17-21, 2011, Proceedings, Part II}, journal = {Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA-SVI, and ODBASE 2011}, volume = {7045}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Hersonissos, Crete, Greece}, editor = {Robert Meersman and Tharam S. Dillon and Pilar Herrero and Akhil Kumar and Manfred Reichert and Li Qing and Beng Chin Ooi and Ernesto Damiani and Douglas C. Schmidt and Jules White and Manfred Hauswirth and Pascal Hitzler and Mukesh K. Mohania} } @proceedings {296, title = {On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2011. Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA-SVI, and ODBASE 2011, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, October 17-21, 2011, Proceedings, Part I}, journal = {Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA-SVI, and ODBASE 2011}, volume = {7044}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Hersonissos, Crete, Greece}, editor = {Robert Meersman and Tharam S. Dillon and Pilar Herrero and Akhil Kumar and Manfred Reichert and Li Qing and Beng Chin Ooi and Ernesto Damiani and Douglas C. Schmidt and Jules White and Manfred Hauswirth and Pascal Hitzler and Mukesh K. Mohania} } @conference {142, title = {Nominal Schemas for Integrating Rules and Description Logics}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2011), Barcelona, Spain, July 13-16, 2011}, volume = {745}, year = {2011}, month = {07/2011}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, abstract = {We propose an extension of SROIQ with nominal schemas which can be used like {\textquotedblleft}variable nominal concepts{\textquotedblright} within axioms. This feature allows us to express arbitrary DL-safe rules in description logic syntax. We show that adding nominal schemas to SROIQ does not increase its worst-case reasoning complexity, and we identify a family of tractable DLs SROELVn that allow for restricted use of nominal schemas.}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-745/paper_39.pdf}, author = {Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Frederick Maier and Adila Krisnadhi and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Riccardo Rosati and Sebastian Rudolph and Michael Zakharyaschev} } @conference {140, title = {{OWL} and Rules}, booktitle = {Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for the Web of Data - 7th International Summer School 2011, Galway, Ireland, August 23-27, 2011, Tutorial Lectures}, volume = {6848}, year = {2011}, month = {08/2011}, pages = {382-415}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, abstract = {The relationship between the Web Ontology Language OWL and rule-based formalisms has been the subject of many discussions and research investigations, some of them controversial. From the many attempts to reconcile the two paradigms, we present some of the newest developments. More precisely, we show which kind of rules can be modeled in the current version of OWL, and we show how OWL can be extended to incorporate rules. We finally give references to a large body of work on rules and OWL. }, isbn = {978-3-642-23031-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-23032-5}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23032-5}, author = {Adila Krisnadhi and Frederick Maier and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Axel Polleres and Claudia d{\textquoteright}Amato and Marcelo Arenas and Siegfried Handschuh and Paula Kroner and Sascha Ossowski and Peter F. Patel-Schneider} } @conference {98, title = {Paraconsistent Semantics for Hybrid MKNF Knowledge Bases}, booktitle = {Web Reasoning and Rule Systems - 5th International Conference, RR 2011}, volume = {6902}, year = {2011}, pages = {93{\textendash}107}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Galway, Ireland}, abstract = {

Hybrid MKNF knowledge bases, originally based on the stable model semantics, is a mature method of combining rules and Description Logics (DLs). The well-founded semantics for such knowledge bases has been proposed subsequently for better efficiency of reasoning. However, integration of rules and DLs may give rise to inconsistencies, even if they are respectively consistent. Accordingly, reasoning systems based on the previous two semantics will break down. In this paper, we employ the four-valued logic proposed by Belnap, and present a paraconsistent semantics for Hybrid MKNF knowledge bases, which can detect inconsistencies and handle it effectively. Besides, we transform our proposed semantics to the stable model semantics via a linear transformation operator, which indicates that the data complexity in our paradigm is not higher than that of classical reasoning. Moreover, we provide a fixpoint algorithm for computing paraconsistent MKNF models.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-23580-1_8}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23580-1_8}, author = {Shasha Huang and Qingguo Li and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Sebastian Rudolph and Claudio Gutierrez} } @proceedings {313, title = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy{\textquoteright}11, at the 22nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-11, Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain), 2011}, journal = {Seventh International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy{\textquoteright}11, at the 22nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-11}, volume = {764}, year = {2011}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain}, issn = {1613-0073}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-764}, editor = {Artur S. d{\textquoteright}Avila Garcez and Pascal Hitzler and Lu{\'\i}s C. Lamb} } @conference {404, title = {Representation of Parsimonious Covering Theory in OWL-DL}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions {(OWLED} 2011), San Francisco, California, USA, June 5-6, 2011}, volume = {796}, year = {2011}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {San Francisco, California, USA}, abstract = {

The Web Ontology Language has not been designed for representing abductive inference, which is often required for applications such as medical disease diagnosis. As a consequence, existing OWL ontologies have limited ability to encode knowledge for such applications. In the last 150 years, many logic frameworks for the representation of abductive inference have been developed. Among these frameworks, Parsimonious Covering Theory (PCT) has achieved wide recognition. PCT is a formal model of diagnostic reasoning in which knowledge is represented as a network of causal associations, and whose goal is to account for observed symptoms with plausible explanatory hypotheses. In this paper, we argue that OWL does provide some of the expressivity required to approximate diagnostic reasoning, and outline a suitable encoding of PCT in OWL-DL.

}, author = {Cory A. Henson and Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan and Amit P. Sheth and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Michel Dumontier and M{\'e}lanie Courtot} } @article {75, title = {Semantic Web surveys and applications}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {2}, year = {2011}, pages = {65{\textendash}66}, doi = {10.3233/SW-2011-0047}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2011-0047}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @article {76, title = {Semantic Web tools and systems}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {2}, year = {2011}, pages = {1{\textendash}2}, doi = {10.3233/SW-2011-0035}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2011-0035}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @conference {305, title = {Web Reasoning and Rule Systems: Five Years into the Conference}, booktitle = {ALP Newsletter, Association of Logic Programming}, year = {2011}, month = {12/2011}, abstract = {In this note we retrospect on the five years of the Web Reasoning and Rule Systems conference series and discuss the rationale for the series in the context of the overall field of the Semantic Web, the activities of the Web Reasoning research community, and the development of standards for rule-based systems on the Web. At the end, we draw the reader{\textquoteright}s attention to the next event in the series, which will take place in Vienna in September 2012.}, url = {http://www.cs.nmsu.edu/ALP/2011/12/web-reasoning-and-rule-systems-five-years-into-the-conference}, author = {Francesco Calimeri and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {100, title = {What{\textquoteright}s Happening in Semantic Web - ... and What FCA Could Have to Do with It}, booktitle = {Formal Concept Analysis - 9th International Conference, ICFCA 2011}, volume = {6628}, year = {2011}, pages = {18{\textendash}23}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Nicosia, Cyprus}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-20514-9_2}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20514-9_2}, author = {Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Petko Valtchev and Robert J{\"a}schke} } @proceedings {314, title = {10302 Abstracts Collection - Learning paradigms in dynamic environments}, journal = {Learning paradigms in dynamic environments}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, keywords = {Autonomous learning, Dynamic systems, Neural-symbolic integration, Neurobiology, Recurrent neural networks, Speech processing}, issn = {1862-4405}, url = {http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2010/2804}, editor = {Barbara Hammer and Pascal Hitzler and Wolfgang Maass and Marc Toussaint} } @conference {405, title = {10302 Summary {\textendash} Learning paradigms in dynamic environments}, booktitle = {Learning paradigms in dynamic environments}, number = {10302}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany}, organization = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, abstract = {

The seminar centered around problems which arise in the context of machine learning in dynamic environments. Particular emphasis was put on a couple of specific questions in this context: how to represent and abstract knowledge appropriately to shape the problem of learning in a partially unknown and complex environment and how to combine statistical inference and abstract symbolic representations; how to infer from few data and how to deal with non i.i.d. data, model revision and life-long learning; how to come up with efficient strategies to control realistic environments for which exploration is costly, the dimensionality is high and data are sparse; how to deal with very large settings; and how to apply these models in challenging application areas such as robotics, computer vision, or the web.

}, url = {http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2010/2802}, author = {Barbara Hammer and Pascal Hitzler and Wolfgang Maass and Marc Toussaint}, editor = {Barbara Hammer and Pascal Hitzler and Wolfgang Maass and Marc Toussaint} } @conference {113, title = {Approximate Instance Retrieval on Ontologies}, booktitle = {Database and Expert Systems Applications, 21st International Conference, DEXA 2010}, volume = {6261}, year = {2010}, pages = {503{\textendash}511}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Bilbao, Spain}, abstract = {

With the development of more expressive description logics (DLs) for the Web Ontology Language OWL the question arises how we can properly deal with the high computational complexity for effi- cient reasoning. In application cases that require scalable reasoning with expressive ontologies, non-standard reasoning solutions such as approximate reasoning are necessary to tackle the intractability of reasoning in expressive DLs. In this paper, we are concerned with the approximation of the reasoning task of instance retrieval on DL knowledge bases, trading correctness of retrieval results for gain of speed. We introduce our notion of an approximate concept extension and we provide implementations to compute an approximate answer for a concept query by a suitable mapping to efficient database operations. Furthermore, we report on experiments of our approach on instance retrieval with the Wine ontology and discuss first results in terms of error rate and speed-up.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-15364-8_43}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15364-8_43}, author = {Tuvshintur Tserendorj and Stephan Grimm and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Pablo Garcia Bringas and Abdelkader Hameurlain and Gerald Quirchmayr} } @article {83, title = {Computational Complexity and Anytime Algorithm for Inconsistency Measurement}, journal = {International Journal of Software and Informatics}, volume = {4}, year = {2010}, pages = {3{\textendash}21}, abstract = {

Measuring inconsistency degrees of inconsistent knowledge bases is an important problem as it provides context information for facilitating inconsistency handling. Many methods have been proposed to solve this problem and a main class of them is based on some kind of paraconsistent semantics. In this paper, we consider the computational aspects of inconsistency degrees of propositional knowledge bases under 4-valued semantics. We first give a complete analysis of the computational complexity of computing inconsistency degrees. As it turns out that computing the exact inconsistency degree is intractable, we then propose an anytime algorithm that provides tractable approximations of the inconsistency degree from above and below. We show that our algorithm satisfies some desirable properties and give experimental results of our implementation of the algorithm

}, keywords = {algorithm, computational complexity, inconsistency measurement, Knowledge representation, multi-valued logic}, url = {http://www.ijsi.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=i41\&flag=1}, author = {Yue Ma and Guilin Qi and Guohui Xiao and Pascal Hitzler and Zuoquan Lin} } @article {80, title = {Concept learning in description logics using refinement operators}, journal = {Machine Learning}, volume = {78}, year = {2010}, pages = {203{\textendash}250}, abstract = {

With the advent of the Semantic Web, description logics have become one of the most prominent paradigms for knowledge representation and reasoning. Progress in research and applications, however, is constrained by the lack of well-structured knowledge bases consisting of a sophisticated schema and instance data adhering to this schema. It is paramount that suitable automated methods for their acquisition, maintenance, and evolution will be developed. In this paper, we provide a learning algorithm based on refinement operators for the description logic ALCQ including support for concrete roles. We develop the algorithm from thorough theoretical foundations by identifying possible abstract property combinations which refinement operators for description logics can have. Using these investigations as a basis, we derive a practically useful complete and proper refinement operator. The operator is then cast into a learning algorithm and evaluated using our implementation DL-Learner. The results of the evaluation show that our approach is superior to other learning approaches on description logics, and is competitive with established ILP systems.

}, keywords = {description logics, Inductive logic programming, OWL, refinement operators, Semantic Web, Structured Machine Learning}, url = {http://springerlink.metapress.com/content/c040n45u15qrnu44/}, author = {Jens Lehmann and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {407, title = {Distance-based Measures of Inconsistency and Incoherency for Description Logics}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Workshop on Description Logics (DL2010)}, volume = {573}, year = {2010}, pages = {475-485}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Waterloo, Canada}, abstract = {

Inconsistency and incoherency are two sorts of erroneous information in a DL ontology which have been widely discussed in ontology-based applications. For example, they have been used to detect modeling errors during ontology construction. To provide more informative metrics which can tell the differences between inconsistent ontologies and between incoherent terminologies, there has been some work on measuring inconsistency of an ontology and on measuring incoherency of a terminology. However, most of them merely focus either on measuring inconsistency or on measuring incoherency and no clear ideas of how to extend them to allow for the other. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to measure DL ontologies, named distance-based measures. It has the merits that both inconsistency and incoherency can be measured in a unified framework. Moreover, only classical DL interpretations are used such that there is no restriction on the DL languages used.

}, author = {Yue Ma and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Volker Haarslev and David Toman and Grant Weddell} } @article {167, title = {Distributed Reasoning with EL++ Using MapReduce}, year = {2010}, institution = {Wright State University}, address = {Dayton, OH, USA}, abstract = {

It has recently been shown that the MapReduce framework for distributed computation can be used effectively for large-scale RDF Schema reasoning, computing the deductive closure of over a billion RDF triples within a reasonable time [23]. Later work has carried this approach over to OWL Horst [22]. In this paper, we provide a MapReduce algorithm for classifying knowledge bases in the description logic EL++, which is essentially the OWL 2 profile OWL 2 EL. The traditional EL++ classification algorithm is recast into a form compatible with MapReduce, and it is shown how the revised algorithm can be realized within the MapReduce framework. An analysis of the circumstances under which the algorithm can be effectively used is also provided.

}, author = {Frederick Maier and Raghava Mutharaju and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {81, title = {Extracting Reduced Logic Programs from Artificial Neural Networks}, journal = {Applied Intelligence}, volume = {32}, year = {2010}, pages = {249{\textendash}266}, abstract = {

Artificial neural networks can be trained to perform excellently in many application areas. Whilst they can learn from raw data to solve sophisticated recognition and analysis problems, the acquired knowledge remains hidden within the network architecture and is not readily accessible for analysis or further use: Trained networks are black boxes. Recent research efforts therefore investigate the possibility to extract symbolic knowledge from trained networks, in order to analyze, validate, and reuse the structural insights gained implicitly during the training process. In this paper, we will study how knowledge in form of propositional logic programs can be obtained in such a way that the programs are as simple as possible {\textemdash} where simple is being understood in some clearly defined and meaningful way.

}, doi = {10.1007/s10489-008-0142-y}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10489-008-0142-y}, author = {Jens Lehmann and Sebastian Bader and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {408, title = {Flexible Bootstrapping-Based Ontology Alignment}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Ontology Matching (OM-2010), Shanghai, China, November 7, 2010}, volume = {689}, year = {2010}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Shanghai, China}, abstract = {

BLOOMS (Jain et al, ISWC2010, to appear) is an ontology alignment system which, in its core, utilizes the Wikipedia category hierarchy for establishing alignments. In this paper, we present a Plug-and-Play extension to BLOOMS, which allows to flexibly replace or complement the use of Wikipedia by other online or offline resources, including domain-specific ontologies or taxonomies. By making use of automated translation services and of Wikipedia in languages other than English, it makes it possible to apply BLOOMS to alignment tasks where the input ontologies are written in different languages.

}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-689/om2010_poster9.pdf}, author = {Prateek Jain and Pascal Hitzler and Amit P. Sheth}, editor = {Pavel Shvaiko and J{\'e}r{\^o}me Euzenat and Fausto Giunchiglia and Heiner Stuckenschmidt and Ming Mao and Isabel F. Cruz} } @article {82, title = {Generalized Distance Functions in the Theory of Computation}, journal = {Computer Journal}, volume = {53}, year = {2010}, pages = {443{\textendash}464}, abstract = {

We discuss a number of distance functions encountered in the theory of computation, including metrics, ultra-metrics, quasi-metrics, generalized ultra-metrics, partial metrics, d-ultra-metrics and generalized metrics. We consider their properties, associated fixed-point theorems and some general applications they have within the theory of computation. We consider in detail the applications of generalized distance functions in giving a uniform treatment of several important semantics for logic programs, including acceptable programs and natural generalizations of them, and also the supported model and the stable model in the context of locally stratified extended disjunctive logic programs and databases.

}, keywords = {denotational semantics, fixed-point theorems, generalized distance functions, Logic Programming, stable model, supported model, topology, ultra-metrics}, doi = {10.1093/comjnl/bxm108}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxm108}, author = {Anthony K. Seda and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {114, title = {Linked Data Is Merely More Data}, booktitle = {Linked Data Meets Artificial Intelligence, Papers from the 2010 AAAI Spring Symposium}, year = {2010}, publisher = {AAAI}, organization = {AAAI}, address = {Stanford, California, USA}, abstract = {

In this position paper, we argue that the Linked Open Data (LoD) Cloud, in its current form, is only of limited value for furthering the Semantic Web vision. Being merely a weakly linked {\textquotedblleft}triple collection,{\textquotedblright} it will only be of very limited bene- fit for the AI or Semantic Web communities. We describe the corresponding problems with the LoD Cloud and give directions for research to remedy the situation.

}, url = {http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/SSS/SSS10/paper/view/1130}, author = {Prateek Jain and Pascal Hitzler and Peter Z. Yeh and Kunal Verma and Amit Sheth}, editor = {Dan Brickley and Vinay K. Chaudhri and Harry Halpin and Deborah McGuinness} } @conference {161, title = {A MapReduce Algorithm for EL+}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Workshop on Description Logics (DL 2010)}, volume = {573}, year = {2010}, pages = {464-474}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Waterloo, Ontario, Canada}, abstract = {

Recently, the use of the MapReduce framework for distributed RDF Schema reasoning has shown that it is possible to compute the deductive closure of sets of over a billion RDF triples within a reasonable time span [22], and that it is also possible to carry the approach over to OWL Horst [21]. Following this lead, in this paper we provide a MapReduce algorithm for the description logic EL+, more precisely for the classification of EL+ ontologies. To do this, we first modify the algorithm usually used for EL+ classification. The modified algorithm can then be converted into a MapReduce algorithm along the same key ideas as used for RDF schema.

}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-573/paper_35.pdf}, author = {Raghava Mutharaju and Frederick Maier and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Volker Haarslev and David Toman and Grant E. Weddell} } @book {292, title = {Mathematical Aspects of Logic Programming Semantics}, series = {Studies in Informatics}, year = {2010}, pages = {304}, publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC Press}, organization = {Chapman and Hall/CRC Press}, issn = {9781439829615}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Anthony K. Seda} } @conference {111, title = {Ontology Alignment for Linked Open Data}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web - ISWC 2010 - 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010}, volume = {6496}, year = {2010}, pages = {402{\textendash}417}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Shanghai, China}, abstract = {

The Web of Data currently coming into existence through the Linked Open Data (LOD) effort is a major milestone in realizing the Semantic Web vision. However, the development of applications based on LOD faces difficulties due to the fact that the different LOD datasets are rather loosely connected pieces of information. In particular, links between LOD datasets are almost exclusively on the level of instances, and schema-level information is being ignored. In this paper, we therefore present a system for finding schema-level links between LOD datasets in the sense of ontology alignment. Our system, called BLOOMS, is based on the idea of bootstrapping information already present on the LOD cloud. We also present a comprehensive evaluation which shows that BLOOMS outperforms state-of-the-art ontology alignment systems on LOD datasets. At the same time, BLOOMS is also competitive compared with these other systems on the Ontology Evaluation Alignment Initiative Benchmark datasets.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-17746-0_26}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17746-0_26}, author = {Prateek Jain and Pascal Hitzler and Amit Sheth and Kunal Verma and Peter Z. Yeh}, editor = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider and Yue Pan and Pascal Hitzler and Peter Mika and Lei Zhang and Jeff Z. Pan and Ian Horrocks and Birte Glimm} } @article {84, title = {Perspectives and challenges for recurrent neural network training}, journal = {Logic Journal of the IGPL}, volume = {18}, year = {2010}, pages = {617{\textendash}619}, doi = {10.1093/jigpal/jzp042}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzp042}, author = {Marco Gori and Barbara Hammer and Pascal Hitzler and Guenther Palm} } @article {85, title = {Preface - Special issue on commonsense reasoning for the semantic web}, journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {58}, year = {2010}, pages = {1{\textendash}2}, doi = {10.1007/s10472-010-9209-7}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10472-010-9209-7}, author = {Frank van Harmelen and Andreas Herzig and Pascal Hitzler and Guilin Qi} } @conference {112, title = {Provenance Context Entity (PaCE): Scalable Provenance Tracking for Scientific RDF Data}, booktitle = {Scientific and Statistical Database Management, 22nd International Conference, SSDBM 2010}, volume = {6187}, year = {2010}, pages = {461{\textendash}470}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg, Germany}, abstract = {

The Semantic Web Resource Description Framework (RDF) format is being used by a large number of scientific applications to store and disseminate their datasets. The provenance information, describing the source or lineage of the datasets, is playing an increasingly significant role in ensuring data quality, computing trust value of the datasets, and ranking query results. Current Semantic Web provenance tracking approaches using the RDF reification vocabulary suffer from a number of known issues, including lack of formal semantics, use of blank nodes, and application-dependent interpretation of reified RDF triples that hinders data sharing. In this paper, we introduce a new approach called Provenance Context Entity (PaCE) that uses the notion of provenance context to create provenance-aware RDF triples without the use of RDF reification or blank nodes. We also define the formal semantics of PaCE through a simple extension of the existing RDF(S) semantics that ensures compatibility of PaCE with existing Semantic Web tools and implementations. We have implemented the PaCE approach in the Biomedical Knowledge Repository (BKR) project at the US National Library of Medicine to support provenance tracking on RDF data extracted from multiple sources, including biomedical literature and the UMLS Metathesaurus. The evaluations demonstrate a minimum of 49\% reduction in total number of provenancespecific RDF triples generated using the PaCE approach as compared to RDF reification. In addition, using the PACE approach improves the performance of complex provenance queries by three orders of magnitude and remains comparable to the RDF reification approach for simpler provenance queries.\ 

}, keywords = {Biomedical knowledge repository, Context theory, Provenance context entity, Provenance Management Framework., Provenir ontology, RDF reification}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-13818-8_32}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13818-8_32}, author = {Satya S. Sahoo and Olivier Bodenreider and Pascal Hitzler and Amit Sheth and Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan}, editor = {Michael Gertz and Bertram Lud{\"a}scher} } @article {78, title = {A Reasonable Semantic Web}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {1}, year = {2010}, pages = {39{\textendash}44}, abstract = {

The realization of Semantic Web reasoning is central to substantiating the Semantic Web vision. However, current mainstream research on this topic faces serious challenges, which forces us to question established lines of research and to rethink the underlying approaches. We argue that reasoning for the Semantic Web should be understood as "shared inference," which is not necessarily based on deductive methods. Model-theoretic semantics (and sound and complete reasoning based on it) functions as a gold standard, but applications dealing with large-scale and noisy data usually cannot afford the required runtimes. Approximate methods, including deductive ones, but also approaches based on entirely different methods like machine learning or natureinspired computing need to be investigated, while quality assurance needs to be done in terms of precision and recall values (as in information retrieval) and not necessarily in terms of soundness and completeness of the underlying algorithms.

}, keywords = {Automated Reasoning, Formal Semantics, Knowledge representation, Linked Open Data, Semantic Web}, doi = {10.3233/SW-2010-0010}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2010-0010}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Frank van Harmelen} } @article {86, title = {Reports of the AAAI 2010 Conference Workshops}, journal = {AI Magazine}, volume = {31}, year = {2010}, pages = {95{\textendash}108}, url = {http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2318}, author = {David W. Aha and Mark S. Boddy and Vadim Bulitko and Artur S. d{\textquoteright}Avila Garcez and Prashant Doshi and Stefan Edelkamp and Christopher W. Geib and Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz and Robert P. Goldman and Pascal Hitzler and Charles L. Isbell and Darsana P. Josyula and Leslie Pack Kaelbling and Kristian Kersting and Maithilee Kunda and Lu{\'\i}s C. Lamb and Bhaskara Marthi and Keith McGreggor and Vivi Nastase and Gregory Provan and Anita Raja and Ashwin Ram and Mark O. Riedl and Stuart J. Russell and Ashish Sabharwal and Jan-Georg Smaus and Gita Sukthankar and Karl Tuyls and Ron van der Meyden and Alon Y. Halevy and Lilyana Mihalkova and Sriraam Natarajan} } @article {79, title = {Semantic Web - Interoperability, Usability, Applicability}, journal = {Semantic Web}, volume = {1}, year = {2010}, pages = {1{\textendash}2}, abstract = {

The Semantic Web journal is set up to be a forum for highest-quality research contributions on all aspects of the Semantic Web. Its scope encompasses work in neighboring disciplines which is motivated by the Semantic Web vision. Besides the publishing of research contributions, it is also an outlet for reports on tools, systems, applications, and ontologies which enable research, rather than being direct research contributions. The journal also publishes top-quality surveys which serve as introductions to core topics of Semantic Web research.

}, doi = {10.3233/SW-2010-0017}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/SW-2010-0017}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz} } @proceedings {298, title = {The Semantic Web - ISWC 2010. 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, Shanghai, China, November 7-11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part I}, journal = {9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010}, volume = {6496}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Shanghai, China}, editor = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider and Yue Pan and Pascal Hitzler and Peter Mika and Lei Zhang and Jeff Z. Pan and Ian Horrocks and Birte Glimm} } @proceedings {299, title = {The Semantic Web - ISWC 2010. 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, Shanghai, China, November 7-11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part II}, journal = {9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010}, volume = {6497}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Shanghai, China}, editor = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider and Yue Pan and Pascal Hitzler and Peter Mika and Lei Zhang and Jeff Z. Pan and Ian Horrocks and Birte Glimm} } @proceedings {300, title = {Web Reasoning and Rule Systems. Fourth International Conference, RR 2010, Bressanone, Italy, September 22-24, 2010, Proceedings}, journal = {4th International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems}, volume = {6333}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Bressanone, Italy}, editor = {Pascal Hitzler and Thomas Lukasiewicz} } @conference {116, title = {An Anytime Algorithm for Computing Inconsistency Measurement}, booktitle = {Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, Third International Conference, KSEM 2009}, volume = {5914}, year = {2009}, pages = {29{\textendash}40}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Vienna, Austria}, abstract = {

Measuring inconsistency degrees of inconsistent knowledge bases is an important problem as it provides context information for facilitating inconsistency handling. Many methods have been proposed to solve this problem and a main class of them is based on some kind of paraconsistent semantics. In this paper, we consider the computational aspects of inconsistency degrees of propositional knowledge bases under 4-valued semantics. We first analyze its computational complexity. As it turns out that computing the exact inconsistency degree is intractable, we then propose an anytime algorithm that provides tractable approximation of the inconsistency degree from above and below. We show that our algorithm satisfies some desirable properties and give experimental results of our implementation of the algorithm.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-10488-6_7}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10488-6_7}, author = {Yue Ma and Guilin Qi and Guohui Xiao and Pascal Hitzler and Zuoquan Lin}, editor = {Dimitris Karagiannis and Zhi Jin} } @proceedings {301, title = {Artificial General Intelligence. Second Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2009, Arlington, Virginia, USA, March 6-9, 2009. Proceedings}, journal = {Second Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2009}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Atlantis Press}, address = {Arlington, Virginia, USA}, issn = {978-90-78677-24-6}, editor = {Ben Goertzel and Pascal Hitzler and Marcus Hutter} } @book {295, title = {Conceptual Structures in Practice}, series = {Studies in Informatics}, year = {2009}, pages = {425}, publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC}, organization = {Chapman and Hall/CRC}, issn = {9781420060621}, editor = {Pascal Hitzler and Henrik Sch{\"a}rfe} } @conference {309, title = {An Evolutionary Computing Approach for Reasoning in the Semantic Web}, booktitle = {Poster at DECOI2009, the International Workshop on Collective Intelligence andEvolution}, year = {2009}, address = {Leiden, The Netherlands}, author = {Gaston Tagni and Christophe Gueret and Stefan Schlobach and Sebastian Rudolph and Pascal Hitzler} } @article {87, title = {Facets of Artificial General Intelligence}, journal = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, volume = {23}, year = {2009}, pages = {58{\textendash}59}, abstract = {

We argue that time has come for a serious endeavor to work towards artificial general intelligence (AGI). This positive assessment of the very possibility of AGI has partially its roots in the development of new methodological achievements in the AI area, like new learning paradigms and new integration techniques for different methodologies. The article sketches some of these methods as prototypical examples for approaches towards AGI.

}, url = {http://www.kuenstliche-intelligenz.de/fileadmin/template/main/archiv/pdf/ki2009-02_page58-59_web_full.pdf}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Kai-Uwe K{\"u}hnberger} } @book {293, title = {Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies}, series = {Textbooks in Computing}, year = {2009}, pages = {455}, publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC Press}, organization = {Chapman and Hall/CRC Press}, issn = {9781420090505}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Sebastian Rudolph} } @conference {120, title = {The Importance of Being Neural-Symbolic {\textendash} A Wilde Position}, booktitle = {Second Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2009}, year = {2009}, pages = {208-209}, address = {Arlington, Virginia, USA}, abstract = {

We argue that Neural-Symbolic Integration is a topic of central importance for the advancement of Artificial General Intelligence.

}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Kai-Uwe K{\"u}hnberger}, editor = {Ben Goertzel and Pascal Hitzler and Marcus Hutter} } @article {88, title = {KI 2009 - AI Mashup Challenge 2009}, journal = {KI - K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, year = {2009}, pages = {52}, author = {Brigitte Endres-Niggemeyer and Pascal Hitzler and Valentin Zacharias} } @inbook {92, title = {Ontologies and Rules}, booktitle = {Handbook on Ontologies}, year = {2009}, pages = {111-132}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, edition = {2}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Bijan Parsia}, editor = {Steffen Staab and Rudi Studer} } @article {304, title = {OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: Primer}, year = {2009}, month = {10/27/2009}, pages = {W3C Recommendation}, url = {http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Bijan Parsia and Peter F. Patel-Schneider and Sebastian Rudolph} } @conference {118, title = {Paraconsistent Reasoning for OWL 2}, booktitle = {Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, Third International Conference, RR 2009}, volume = {5837}, year = {2009}, pages = {197{\textendash}211}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Chantilly, VA, USA}, abstract = {

A four-valued description logic has been proposed to reason with description logic based inconsistent knowledge bases. This approach has a distinct advantage that it can be implemented by invoking classical reasoners to keep the same complexity as under the classical semantics. However, this approach has so far only been studied for the basid description logic ALC. In this paper, we further study how to extend the four-valued semantics to the more expressive description logic SROIQ which underlies the forthcoming revision of the Web Ontology Language, OWL 2, and also investigate how it fares when adapated to tractable description logics including EL++, DL-Lite, and Horn-DLs. We define the four-valued semantics along the same lines as for ALC and show that we can retain most of the desired properties.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-05082-4_14}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05082-4_14}, author = {Yue Ma and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Axel Polleres and Terrance Swift} } @conference {117, title = {A Preferential Tableaux Calculus for Circumscriptive ALCO}, booktitle = {Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, Third International Conference, RR 2009}, volume = {5837}, year = {2009}, pages = {40{\textendash}54}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Chantilly, VA, USA}, abstract = {

Nonmonotonic extensions of description logics (DLs) allow for default and local closed-world reasoning and are an acknowledged desired feature for applications, e.g. in the Semantic Web. A recent approach to such an extension is based on McCarthy{\textquoteright}s circumscription, which rests on the principle of minimising the extension of selected predicates to close off dedicated parts of a domain model. While decidability and complexity results have been established in the literature, no practical algorithmisation for circumscriptive DLs has been proposed so far. In this paper, we present a tableaux calculus that can be used as a decision procedure for concept satisfiability with respect to conceptcircumscribed ALCO knowledge bases. The calculus builds on existing tableaux for classical DLs, extended by the notion of a preference clash to detect the non-minimality of constructed models.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-05082-4_4}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05082-4_4}, author = {Stephan Grimm and Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Axel Polleres and Terrance Swift} } @proceedings {316, title = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy{\textquoteright}09, at the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Pasadena, California, July 2009}, journal = {Fifth International Workshop on Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, NeSy{\textquoteright}09, at the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {481}, year = {2009}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Pasadena, California}, issn = {1613-0073}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-481}, editor = {Artur S. d{\textquoteright}Avila Garcez and Pascal Hitzler} } @proceedings {315, title = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Applications of Semantic Technologies, AST2009, at Informatik2009, L{\"u}beck, Germany, October 2009}, journal = {INFORMATIK 2009 - Im Fokus das Leben}, year = {2009}, pages = {381-400}, publisher = {Bonner K{\"o}llen Verlag}, address = {L{\"u}beck, Germany}, issn = {978-3-88579-248-2}, editor = {Stephan Grimm and Pascal Hitzler} } @conference {119, title = {RaDON - Repair and Diagnosis in Ontology Networks}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web: Research and Applications, 6th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2009}, volume = {5554}, year = {2009}, pages = {863{\textendash}867}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heraklion, Crete, Greece}, abstract = {

One of the major challenges in managing networked and dynamic ontologies is to handle inconsistencies in single ontologies, and inconsistencies introduced by integrating multiple distributed ontologies. Our RaDON system provides functionalities to repair and diagnose ontology networks by extending the capabilities of existing reasoners. The system integrates several new debugging and repairing algorithms, such as a relevance-directed algorithm to meet the various needs of the users.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-02121-3_71}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02121-3_71}, author = {Qiu Ji and Peter Haase and Guilin Qi and Pascal Hitzler and Steffen Stadtm{\"u}ller}, editor = {Lora Aroyo and Paolo Traverso and Fabio Ciravegna and Philipp Cimiano and Tom Heath and Eero Hyv{\"o}nen and Riichiro Mizoguchi and Eyal Oren and Marta Sabou and Elena Paslaru Bontas Simperl} } @conference {406, title = {Suggestions for OWL 3}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on {OWL:} Experiences and Directions {(OWLED} 2009), Chantilly, VA, United States, October 23-24, 2009}, volume = {529}, year = {2009}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, organization = {CEUR-WS.org}, address = {Chantilly, VA, United States}, abstract = {

With OWL 2 about to be completed, it is the right time to start discussions on possible future modifications of OWL. We present here a number of suggestions in order to discuss them with the OWL user community. They encompass expressive extensions on polynomial OWL 2 profiles, a suggestion for an OWL Rules language, and expressive extensions for OWL DL.

}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-529/owled2009_submission_6.pdf}, author = {Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Rinke Hoekstra and Peter F. Patel-Schneider} } @conference {115, title = {Towards Reasoning Pragmatics}, booktitle = {GeoSpatial Semantics, Third International Conference, GeoS 2009}, volume = {5892}, year = {2009}, pages = {9{\textendash}25}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Mexico City, Mexico}, abstract = {

The realization of Semantic Web reasoning is central to substantiating the Semantic Web vision. However, current mainstream research on this topic faces serious challenges, which force us to question established lines of research and to rethink the underlying approaches.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-10436-7_2}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10436-7_2}, author = {Pascal Hitzler}, editor = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Martin Raubal and Sergei Levashkin} } @book {294, title = {Semantic Web Grundlagen}, year = {2008}, pages = {277}, publisher = {Springer textbook}, organization = {Springer textbook}, issn = {978-3-540-33993-9}, author = {Pascal Hitzler and Markus Kr{\"o}tzsch and Sebastian Rudolph and York Sure} }